Blood

Question 1

What does the spleen do?

Answer 1

Filters and stores platelets, blood & lymphocytes.

Question 2

What is hemopoiesis?

Answer 2

The production of blood cells & platelets.

Question 3

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

Answer 3

In the bone marrow.

Question 4

What is angiogenesis?

Answer 4

Formation of new blood vessels.

Question 5

What (2) ways can Oxygen be carried in?

Answer 5

• Bound to haemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells (RBCs) (98.5%).
• Dissolved in plasma (1.5% … this is how we measure PaO₂).

Question 6

What does oxygen bind to in the blood?

Answer 6

Haem molecules in haemoglobin.

Question 7

What happens when CO2 diffuses into red blood cells?

Answer 7

It combines with water to form carbonic acid.

Question 8

Which enzyme speeds up the reaction between CO2 and water in RBCs?

Answer 8

Carbonic anhydrase.

Question 9

Why is carbonic acid in red blood cells considered unstable?

Answer 9

It quickly dissociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions.

Question 10

What role do hydrogen ions play after being released from carbonic acid in RBCs?

Answer 10

They bind to haemoglobin and facilitate the release of oxygen.

Question 11

How does blood become more acidic?

Answer 11

Increased CO2 = Increased H+ = Decreased pH.

Question 12

How does blood become more alkali?

Answer 12

Decreased CO2 = Decreased H+ = Increased pH.

Question 13

What (3) ways does blood carry CO2 in the lungs?

Answer 13

• Dissolved as CO2 in blood plasma (7-10%).
• Chemically bound to Hb in RBC’s as carbaminohaemoglobin (20%).
• Bicarbonate ions in plasma (~70%).

Question 14

What are the (4) main components of the blood?

Answer 14

• Plasma.
• Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells).
• Leukocytes (White Blood Cells).
• Platelets.

Question 15

How does blood protect the body?

Answer 15

• Prevent blood loss (via clotting).
• Prevent infection (via antibodies & white blood cells).

Question 16

How is the blood used for regulation?

Answer 16

• Body temperature.
• pH in body tissues.
• Maintaining adequate fluid volume.

Question 17

What does the blood transport around the body?

Answer 17

• Oxygen.
• Metabolic waste products from cells to elimination site (lungs CO2, kidneys nitrogenous waste).
• Hormones (from endocrine organs to target organs).

Question 18

What are the (3) key functions of the blood?

Answer 18

• Transport.
• Regulation.
• Protection.

Question 19

What does platelets do in the blood?

Answer 19

Form clots and stop or prevent bleeding.

Question 20

What is blood plasma?

Answer 20

– Carries platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells around the body.
- Contains antibodies (known as immunoglobulins), which fight infection.

Question 21

What percentage of the blood is blood plasma?

Answer 21

Approx. 55%

Question 22

What is bulk flow?

Answer 22

Where filtered blood plasma moves in & out of tissues via pressure and osmotic changes.

Question 23

Ischemia.

Answer 23

A reduced or inadequate blood supply to an area.