blood and the heart

Question 1

what are the two components of blood?

Answer 1

formed elements and plasma

Question 2

what are the cell and cell parts in blood?

Answer 2

formed elements

Question 3

what is made of mostly water and carries factors in solution? and what are the factors found ?

Answer 3

plasma, and the factors are nutrients, wastes, and hormones

Question 4

what is blood rich in?

Answer 4

protiens

Question 5

what are the three things the protiens in blood do?

Answer 5

help solubilize lipids, protective protiens (like antibodies), and clotting factors

Question 6

what is the name for a set of proteins that interact with vessel damage, in a domino effect?

Answer 6

clotting factors

Question 7

what solidifies plasma?

Answer 7

clotting or secondary coagulation

Question 8

what also solidifies plasma ?

Answer 8

fibrinogen and globular proteins

Question 9

what does the fibrinogen become? and what is it?

Answer 9

it becomes fibrin and is protien fragments (skeleton of the clot)

Question 10

what are filled with hemoglobin and carry oxygen, and these are non-nucleated in mammals?

Answer 10

erythrocytes or RBC

Question 11

what are the defense cells that attack microbes , foreign molecules, and cancer cells ?

Answer 11

leukocytes or WBC

Question 12

what is the name of the cell that can plug holes in vessels and secrete factors that affect blood clotting ? what are they called in mammals?

Answer 12

thrombocytes and they are called platelets (non-nucleated)

Question 13

what is the meat of the heart called ? and what does this make?

Answer 13

myocardium, it makes the myocardium wall that separates the heart into left and right sides

Question 14

what is the name of the conn tissue sack that encloses the heart?

Answer 14

pericardium

Question 15

what prevent the back flow of blood?

Answer 15

valves

Question 16

what valve prevents back flow into the atria?

Answer 16

atrioventricular valves (AV)

Question 17

what valve prevents back flow into the ventricles ?

Answer 17

semilunar valves (SL)

Question 18

what kind of phagocytic cell can engulf microbes such as bacteria?

Answer 18

neutrophils

Question 19

what cell can make antibodies and others directly attack invading cells?

Answer 19

lymphocytes

Question 20

what is the cell name of large blood cells, they’re bigger than erythrocytes, and these are phagocytic cells that help activate other WBC?

Answer 20

monocytes

Question 21

what cell secretes substances to kill parasites?

Answer 21

eosinophils

Question 22

what cell secretes substances to influence blood flow through the capillaries ?

Answer 22

basophils

Question 23

what is the name of the vessels that factors move in and out of the blood through the walls of the them? they’re the thinnest

Answer 23

capillaries

Question 24

what feeds the capillaries blood via small vessles?

Answer 24

arterioles

Question 25

what feeds the arterioles blood via large vessels?

Answer 25

arteries

Question 26

blood is drained from capillaries from small veins called what?

Answer 26

venules

Question 27

what are the larger vessels that venules drain into?

Answer 27

veins

Question 28

what are the three walls of vessles?

Answer 28

tunica intima (tunic internal), tunic media, and tunic externa (adventitia)

Question 29

what kind of tissue is the tunic intima , and what does it line?

Answer 29

it is simple squamous and it lines the inside of the veins

Question 30

what kind of tissue in found in the tunic media, and what does it control?

Answer 30

it is made of smooth muscle and elastic tissue, and it can control blood pressure and peripheral resistance via SNS control

Question 31

what is the tunic externa composed of, and what are its too functions?

Answer 31

composed of areolar or fibrous connective tissue, and supports / protects

Question 32

do arteries or veins have thicker walls?

Answer 32

the arteries are thicker than the veins

Question 33

what is the name of the pointed end of the cone-shaped heart?

Answer 33

apex

Question 34

what are the four chambers of the mammal heart?

Answer 34

two atria and two ventricles

Question 35

what is the myocardium wall referred to as between the atria and between the ventricles ?

Answer 35

interatrial septum and the inter-ventricular septum

Question 36

does the right atrium get deoxy or oxygenated blood? where does it come from, what are the names of these veins?

Answer 36

it gets deoxy blood, and the superior/inferior vena cava brings the deoxy blood into the right atrium

Question 37

what are the two biggest veins in the body?

Answer 37

inferior/ superior vena cava

Question 38

does the left atrium get deoxy or oxygebated blood? and where does it come from, what is the name of the veins?

Answer 38

the left atrium gets oxygenated blood and it comes from the lungs oxygenated via the four pulmonary veins

Question 39

what ventricle gets deoxy blood and then where does the blood get sent to, what artery?

Answer 39

the right ventricle gets deoxy blood , and then send the blood to the pulmonary trunk

Question 40

what does the pulmonary trunk branch into? where does the blood get sent from here ?

Answer 40

branches into the pulmonary arteries, and the blood then goes to the lungs

Question 41

which ventricle gets the oxygenated blood and where does it come from? where does it get sent after?

Answer 41

the left ventricle gets the oxygenated blood from the left atrium, and then the blood is pushed into the aorta then out to the body

Question 42

what is the name of the part of the aorta that arches over the heart?

Answer 42

aortic arch

Question 43

what is the name of the part of the aorta that continues dorsally through the thorax towards the abdominal cavity called?

Answer 43

thoracic (descending) aorta

Question 44

what side of the heart pushes blood through the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 44

the right side

Question 45

what side of the heart pushes blood through the systemic circuit?

Answer 45

the left side

Question 46

what happens to the atrioventricular (AV) valves when the ventricle contract and what happens when they relax?

Answer 46

when the ventricles contract, the AV closes and when they relax the AV opens

Question 47

what are the two flaps called that are found in the left AV valve and what are the three flaps called that are found in the right AV valve?

Answer 47

the two flaps of the left AV valve are called bicuspid (mitral) valve . the three flaps of the right AV valve are called the tricuspid valve

Question 48

what is the name of the heart strings that anchor the flaps to the valve flaps to the ventricle walls ?

Answer 48

chordae tendinae

Question 49

where does the chordae tendinae originate from? what do they prevent ?

Answer 49

papillary muscles, and they project out from the myocardium, and they prevent back flows into the atria

Question 50

what are the four valves that enforce one way blood flow through the heart chambers ?

Answer 50

the 2 AV valves and the 2 SL valves

Question 51

what happens to the SL valves when the ventricles relax and when they contract?

Answer 51

the SL valve will close when the ventricles relax and when they contract the SL valve will open

Question 52

how many pocket-like cusps compose the SL valve ?

Answer 52

three pocket-like cusps

Question 53

what prevents back flow of blood from the pulmonary trunk ?

Answer 53

pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 54

what prevents back flow of blood from the aorta ?

Answer 54

aortic semilunar valve

Question 55

what is the functional blood supply of the heart provided by ?

Answer 55

the left and right coronary arteries

Question 56

what is the myocardium drained by?

Answer 56

coronary veins

Question 57

what is the name of the vein that the blood from the myocardium drains into?

Answer 57

coronary sinus

Question 58

which side of the heart is the aortic semilunar valve located on?

Answer 58

the left side

Question 59

which SL valve is bathed in oxy rich blood?

Answer 59

the aortic SL valve

Question 60

what are the three vessels that drain into the right atrium?

Answer 60

inferior and superior vena cava and the coronary sinus

Question 61

is the blood of the pulmonary vein oxy rich or deoxy?

Answer 61

it is oxy rich

Question 62

which side of the heart is the pulmonary SL valve located on?

Answer 62

right side

Question 63

which AV valve is bathed on oxy rich blood?

Answer 63

the left AV valve

Question 64

where does the blood drain into from the coronary sinus ?

Answer 64

the right atrium