muscular system and some cardio vasc syst

Question 1

what are the three muscle cell types?

Answer 1

skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cell, and smooth muscle cell

Question 2

what muscle cell compromises muscular system ?

Answer 2

skeletal muscle system

Question 3

what muscle cell is linked by intercalated discs. and with gap junctions as a syncytium ?

Answer 3

cardiac muscle cells

Question 4

which muscle cell causes internal organ motion, form arrector pili, and internal eye muscles ?

Answer 4

smooth muscle cell

Question 5

what do muscle cells experience?

Answer 5

action potential (AP)

Question 6

what is the name for the depolarization to sodium and calcium influx ?

Answer 6

action potential

Question 7

what is the muscle cell exception that it has a AP start at the synapse with motor neurons ?

Answer 7

cardiac muscle cell

Question 8

what does AP trigger ?

Answer 8

muscle contraction

Question 9

what muscle cell has AP start with specialized what cells?

Answer 9

pace maker cells

Question 10

what cells experience spontaneous AP and what makes this happen?

Answer 10

pace maker cells and this is because of leaky sodium channels

Question 11

what assures the automatic rhythmic contractions ?

Answer 11

the leaky sodium channels

Question 12

what is leakieness controlled by and what does it control ?

Answer 12

it is controlled by the nervous system and it controls heart rate

Question 13

what are the two types of proteins important for contraction of muscle cells ?

Answer 13

myosin and actin (filaments )

Question 14

what is the protein thats a motor protein that bonds with and runs along actin ?

Answer 14

myosin

Question 15

what does myosin and actin form?

Answer 15

contractile units

Question 16

what are the two cofactors that help trigger contraction?

Answer 16

ATP and calcium

Question 17

what does the ATP activate? what does the calcium activate ?

Answer 17

ATP activates the myosin and calcium activates contractions by letting the myosin bind with actin

Question 18

what unit forms a sparce network in the smooth muscle cell?

Answer 18

contractile units

Question 19

whats the other name for anchoring protein?

Answer 19

dense bodies

Question 20

whats comes from the AP of the cell?

Answer 20

activating calcium

Question 21

what is the name for the contractile units of striated muscle?

Answer 21

sarcomeres

Question 22

what are the anchoring proteins called in striated muscle ?

Answer 22

z-discs

Question 23

how are sarcomeres arranged and whats the term?

Answer 23

they are arranged linearly, and they’re called myofibrils

Question 24

what pack the entire cell in striated muscle ?

Answer 24

myofibrils

Question 25

where is activating calcium stored at?

Answer 25

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Question 26

when is the calcium released from the SER ? and where is it released from ?

Answer 26

during an AP, it is released from the smooth SER

Question 27

how does AP become internalized by the cell?

Answer 27

by transverse tubules

Question 28

what are the two ways that ATP can be produced ?

Answer 28

aerobically and anaerobically

Question 29

what are the two specialized cells of the skeletal muscle?

Answer 29

red fibers and white fibers

Question 30

which kind of specialized skeletal muscle is aerobic, good for long term contraction?

Answer 30

red fibers

Question 31

which kind of specialized skeletal muscle is anaerobic and good for short bursts ?

Answer 31

white fibers , white meat

Question 32

is cardiac muscle aerobic or anaerobic ?

Answer 32

completely aerobic

Question 33

in cardiac muscle cells, where else does activating calcium come from besides the SER?

Answer 33

a portion comes in during AP

Question 34

the portion of activating calcium is controlled by what? and what does it influence ?

Answer 34

it is controlled by the nervous system and it influences the function of contraction

Question 35

what links individual cells to the factor exchange system ?

Answer 35

cardio vascular system

Question 36

what is a component of the cardio vasc system and what does it do?

Answer 36

the heart and it moves blood through vessels

Question 37

what is the entire system lined with ?what kind of epithelia tissue is it ?

Answer 37

endothelium and it is simple squamous epithelia

Question 38

why is simple squamous the lining tissue? 3

Answer 38

it is very permeable in capillaries, smooth, and readily repairable through mitosis

Question 39

how are the capillaries arranged and what are they?

Answer 39

they're arranged in capillary beds and they are the gateway in and out of the system

Question 40

what does skeletal movement do to veins and what does that result in?

Answer 40

skeletal movement squeezes the veins which results in the blood being brought back to the heart