cardio vasc. system and respiratory system

Question 1

what is the heart? ventral or dorsal ?

Answer 1

the heart is ventral

Question 2

what is the heart divided into?

Answer 2

contractile chambers

Question 3

what receives blood from the body and where does that blood get sent to after?

Answer 3

the atria receives blood and then sends it to the ventricles

Question 4

what sends the blood out to the body?

Answer 4

the ventricles

Question 5

where did the arteries of the heart develop from?

Answer 5

they developed from the wall of the pharynx of embryos, and then are divided into embryonic aortic arches, embryonic arches

Question 6

what is the name of the series of paired vessels in the pharynx wall?

Answer 6

embryonic arches

Question 7

what is the result of the reduced number of paired vessels in tetrapods?

Answer 7

arteries

Question 8

is the mammal / bird cardio vasc system symmetrical or asymmetrical ?

Answer 8

asymmetrical

Question 9

how many chambered heart does fishes have? where does the deoxy blood get moved to?

Answer 9

they have a two chambered heart, and deoxy blood gets moved to the lungs

Question 10

how many chambered heart does mammals, crocs, and birds have?

Answer 10

four chambered heart

Question 11

what’re the two circuits of the cardio vasc system?

Answer 11

pulmonary and systemic

Question 12

which cardio vasc system circuit takes deoxy blood to the lungs for oxygen?

Answer 12

pulmonary

Question 13

which cardio vasc system circuit takes the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?

Answer 13

systemic

Question 14

in the amphibian cardio vasc system, the deoxy and oxygenated blood are mixed, what is this assos with?

Answer 14

low metabolism

Question 15

in birds and mammals the deoxy blood and oxygenated blood are kept separated, what is this assos with ?

Answer 15

high metabolism

Question 16

how many chambered heart does amphibs and most reptiles (besides crocs) have?

Answer 16

three chambered heart

Question 17

what are the two functions of the respiratory system ?

Answer 17

gas exchange and sound production

Question 18

what’re the two components of the respiratory system ?

Answer 18

gas exchange conducting organs and respiratory surface

Question 19

which component has to do with exchanging gases?

Answer 19

respiratory surface

Question 20

fishes have a pharynx and gill openings, what is this an example of?

Answer 20

gas conducting organs

Question 21

what’re the two components of gas conducting organs in tetrapods?

Answer 21

branchial tree and the “voice box”

Question 22

what does the branchial tree include ? 2

Answer 22

the trachea and branches

Question 23

what is the name for the mammal voice box?

Answer 23

larynx

Question 24

what is the name for the bird voice box and why can birds make complex noises?

Answer 24

birds have a syrinx, and its at the base of the trachea and because it is branched, it generated complex sounds

Question 25

where does the sound come from in both birds and mammals ?

Answer 25

vibration of mucosa folds

Question 26

what are the three key traits to respiratory surfaces ?

Answer 26

have to be moist, thin (one layer simple squamous), and it is expansive

Question 27

what are the three formats of respiratory surfaces ?

Answer 27

integument, gills, and lungs

Question 28

which respiratory format is important in amphibs ?

Answer 28

integument

Question 29

which respiratory format have finger-like projections for max surface area ?

Answer 29

gills

Question 30

which respiratory format has internal expansive sacs ?

Answer 30

lungs

Question 31

what are the two things that happen when we breath? how do anamniotes breath?

Answer 31

expansion and inhalation happen, and they gulp hair to breath

Question 32

in amniotes, how are the lungs held in place?

Answer 32

in the coelom there's a vacuum that holds the lungs in place

Question 33

what are the two types of lungs ?

Answer 33

alveolar and bird lung

Question 34

what is the alveolar lungs composed of ?

Answer 34

alveoli

Question 35

what is the term for the expnading pockets for max surface area ?

Answer 35

alveoli

Question 36

gas exchange is what kind of cycle?

Answer 36

its cyclic

Question 37

which type of lung is most efficient ?

Answer 37

bird lung

Question 38

what are the two components of the bird lung?

Answer 38

parabronchis (for gas exchange) and expansive sacs

Question 39

is gas exchange cyclic or continuous in the bird lung ?

Answer 39

continuous

Question 40

where are the air sacs located in the bird?

Answer 40

throughout the body

Question 41

what is the airway in the bird that is through vascularized lung tissue?

Answer 41

parabronchis (PB)

Question 42

what are the two things that happen when a bird inhales ?

Answer 42

fresh air is stored in the expanding sacs, some of the fresh air passes through the PB for gas exchnage, and lastly more air is stored in these sacs as spent air

Question 43

when a bird exhales what are the two things that happen?

Answer 43

the spent air from these sacs are exhaled, and fresh air passes through the PB of gas exchange

Question 44

what're two components of digestive system ?

Answer 44

alimentary canal and accessory organs

Question 45

what is the basic function of digestive system ?

Answer 45

break down food matter to yield small molecules, ions, etc.

Question 46

what else does the digestive system do?

Answer 46

absorption

Question 47

what produces enzymes to initiate chemical digestion ? 3

Answer 47

salivary gland, stomach, and pancreas

Question 48

what is the name for the part of digestion that is an oral cavity with teeth, and what does it provide?

Answer 48

the mouth and mechanical digestion

Question 49

what is the part of the vert digestive system that is the factory for the blood stream , what kind if conversion is this? and it secretes bile?

Answer 49

the liver, and it has chemical conversion

Question 50

whats another function of the liver that is assos with fats?

Answer 50

it emulsifies fats , makes them more digestible

Question 51

from the pharynx to the large intestine, does it have the most digestion or absorption ?

Answer 51

most digestion

Question 52

from the stomach to the anus, does it have the most digestion or absorption?

Answer 52

most absorption