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Blood & Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

(55 cards)

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0
Q

Granulocytes

A

Category of Leukocytes (WBCs) characterized by the presence if granules in their cytoplasm.

Have various nucleus shapes

-neutrophils, eosinophils, & basophils

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1
Q

What is Hematocrit? How can it change?

A

Percent of RBC’s to total volume of blood.

It can change if you move somewhere with less oxygen & your body recognizes this & starts making more RBCs. Opposite happens if you move to low elevation.

Female: 37-48%
Male: 45-52%

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2
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Category of Leukocytes (WBCs) with the absence of granules in cytoplasm.

One shape of nucleus

-lymphocytes & monocytes

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3
Q

Neutrophils

A

Destroy bacteria & release anti-microbial chemicals.

Increase in # caused by:

  • infection
  • stress
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4
Q

Eosinophils

A

Destroys Ag - Ab complexes & parasites.

Increased # caused by:

  • allergies
  • autoimmune disease
  • toxins
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5
Q

Basophils

A

Release seratonin, histamine, & heparin which help increase inflammatory response.

Increase in # cause by:

  • allergies
  • disease
  • infections
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6
Q

Lymphocytes

A

T-Cells destroy cancer cells, foreign cells & infected cells.
B-Cells create antigens to make an immune memory.

Increased # caused by:

  • cancer
  • infection
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7
Q

Monocytes

A

Become macrophages & clean up antigens & waste materials.

Increase # caused by:

  • leukemia
  • infections
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8
Q

Functions of Blood

A
  • transportation
  • protection
  • regulation
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9
Q

Blood Transportation

A

Transports hormones, waste, O2/CO2, heat & nutrients to & from organs & cells.

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10
Q

Blood Protection

A

Blood destroys cancer cells, neutralizes toxins, & clots.

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11
Q

Properties of Blood

A
  • Ph levels
  • Viscosity
  • Osmolarity
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12
Q

Blood Ph

A

7.35-7.45 (normal) slightly basic

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13
Q

Blood Viscosity

A

Resistance to flow

Blood is 4.5-5.5 thicker than water

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14
Q

Blood Osmolarity

A

Molar concentration of dissolves particles in one liter of water

Important for waste to be removed & nutrients brought to cell

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15
Q

Formed Elements

A
  • Erythrocytes (RBC)
  • Thrombocytes/Platelets
  • Leukocytes (WBC)
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17
Q

Plasma

A

Clear ECF

Consists of proteins, enzymes, nutrients, waste, hormones, & gases.

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18
Q

Serum

A

Plasma without clotting protiens

Found within plasma

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19
Q

Plasma Protiens

A
  • Albumin
  • Globulins
  • Fibrogen
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20
Q

Albumin

A

Smallest & most abundant protein within plasma

Responsible for movement of water back into the capillary beds

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21
Q

Globulins

A

Help make antibodies to protect you from getting sick

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22
Q

Fibrogen

A

Starts blood clot

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23
Q

Erythropoiesis

Study These Flashcards
A

Production of RBCs

Too many: blood too thick

24
Q

What is the shape of a red blood cell? Why is it important?

Study These Flashcards
A

Bi-Concaved Disc

Important because it increases surface area to drop off O2 and pick up CO2.

25
Hemoglobin
Gives RBCs their color Contains 4 globulin molecules, which each carry 1 O2 molecule. 1 hemoglobin molecule = 4 O2 molecules
26
Blood Clotting Cascade
- Extrinsic Pathway | - Intrinsic Pathway
27
Extrinsic Pathway
Damaged tissue promotes clotting Completes common pathway in seconds
28
Intrinsic Pathway
Damaged endothelial cells promote clotting (no tissue damage required) Completed common pathways in minutes
29
Hemostatis
Control/stopping of bleeding (coagulation)
30
3 Steps of Hemostasis
1. Platelet Adheration 2. Platelets Release RXN 3. Platelet Plug Forms
31
Platelet Adheration
Platelets stick to damaged blood vessel & then vessel constricts
32
Platelets Release RXN
Stuck platelets extend appendages to communicate & release vesicles.
33
Platelet Plug Forms
Released ADP causes other platelets to get stuck to the "net"
34
Blood Type A
A antigen & Anti-B antibody Can receive blood from: -Type A & Type O
35
Blood Type B
B antigen & Anti-A antibody Can receive blood from: -Type B & Type O
36
Blood Type AB
Both A & B Antigens NO Antibodies Universal Recipient- Can receive blood from ALL blood types
37
Blood Type O
Neither A or B Antigens Both A & B Antibodies Universal Donor- can give blood to anyone, but can ONLY receive Type O
38
Antigen
Combination of PRO's, glycoproteins, & glycolipids that tell our body if a cell is an antigen
39
Antibodies
Gamma globules that are produced by immune cells to bind to foreign substances.
40
Positive Blood Type
You have Rhesus protien
41
Erythrocytes Disorders
- Polycythemia - Sickle-Cell Disease - Anemia
42
Polycythemia
Excess RBC creating high blood viscosity.
43
Sickle-Cell Disease
Hereditary Hemoglobin causes blood clots
44
Anemia
Decrease in RBCs - Nutritional Anemia - Iron-deficiency Anemia - Pernicious Anemia
45
Hemophilia
In ability to clot blood
46
Leukemia
Cancer of the WBCs
47
Type of Antibodies
- IgA - IgD - IgE - IgG - IgM
48
IgA
Prevents pathogens from adhering to epithelial and penetrating tissue
49
IgD
Acts as an Ig receptor
50
IgE
Stimulates mast cells, pasophils, and eosinophils to tell them there is a problem
51
IgG
Makes up 75-85% of Ab's ONLY Ab that crosses the placenta & provides immunity to the fetus
52
IgM
Largest of all antibodies Strong agglutinating ability Includes anti-A & anti-B
53
Primary Response
IgM Body has not seen particular Antigen before & needs time to build up defense.
54
Secondary Response
IgG Body had a prior exposure to the Ag before and can build up defense quickly.
55
Hemopoiesis
Production of the formed element if blood - stem cell: can become any type of cell - RBC: no nucleus - WBC: have nucleus

Anatomy (14 decks)

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