Mitosis & Meiosis

Question 0

Genome

Answer 0

All genes possessed by one individual

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

A segment of DNA that codes for a polypeptide

Question 2

Gene pool

Answer 2

All genes present in a population

Question 3

Locus

Answer 3

The site on a chromosome where a particular gene is located

Question 4

Karyotyping

Answer 4

Homologous chromosomes arranged in pairs in descending order of size

Taking all the genes you receive from mom & dad (23 pairs), and paring them by size.

Question 5

Homologous

Answer 5

2 chromosomes with identical structures and gene loci but not identical alleles; inherits one from each parent.

Question 6

Allele

Answer 6

Any of the alternative forms that one gene can take (alternate form of gene).

Ex. Dominant/recessive allels

Question 7

Homozygous

Answer 7

Having identical alleles at the same gene locus of 2 homologous chromosomes

Ex. RR or rr ; O blood type

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

Having non-identical alleles at the same gene locus of 2 homologous chromosomes.

Ex. Rr

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

The pair of alleles possessed by an individual at one gene locus on a pair of homologous chromosomes

Strongly influences phenotype because it is the genes they received.

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

The detectable trait resulting from a particular genotype, such as eye color or blood type

You can physically see the trait

Question 11

Recessive Allele

Answer 11

An allele that is not phenotypically expressed in the presence of a dominant allele; lowercase letter

Question 12

Dominant Allele

Answer 12

An allele that is phenotypically expressed even in the presence of any other allele; capital letter

Question 13

Codominance

Answer 13

2 alleles are both fully expressed when present in the same individual

Ex. Blood type AB

Question 14

Incomplete dominance

Answer 14

2 alleles are both KIND OF expressed when present in same individual

Offspring does not get characteristic from parents. (Mom has curly, dad has straight, child has wavy hair)

Question 15

Autosomes

Answer 15

All chromosomes except the sex chromosomes; 22 homologous pairs

Question 16

Carrier

Answer 16

Carries a recessive allele but does not phenotypically express it

Question 17

What is Chromatin, and what is it’s structure?

Answer 17

Threadlike strands of DNA and histones.

Arranged into units called nucleosomes.

Question 18

2 main steps of the Cell Cycle?

Answer 18

Interphase & Mitotic Phase

Question 19

Interphase

Answer 19

G1(gap 1)- metabolic activity and vigorous growth
G0- cells that permanently stop dividing (NO mitosis occurs)
S(synthetic)- DNA replication
G2(gap 2)- prep for division

Question 20

What are the phases of Mitosis?

Answer 20

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 21

Prophase

Answer 21

• Chromosomes become coiled
• The nucleolus disappears
• The two pairs of centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
• The nuclear envelope disappears at the end of prophase.

Question 22

Metaphase

Answer 22

Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (equator)

Question 23

Anaphase

Answer 23

The paired chromosomes (sister chromatids) separate and move to opposite poles.

Centromeres split

Cytoplasm in middle gets pulled to poles.

Question 24

Telophase

Answer 24

The cell separates Nuclear membrane is formed from rough ER Nucleoli reappear

Question 25

Most important role of Mitosis? Ect.

Answer 25

Growth and Repair DNA must replicate Start with 46 chromosomes

Question 26

Most important role of Meiosis? Ext.

Answer 26

Reproduce DNA doesn't have to replicate Goes through the cloning phase twice

Question 27

What are the phases of meiosis?

Answer 27

Meiosis I: - prophase I - Metaphase I - Anaphase I - Telophase I Meiosis II: - P II - M II - A II - T II

Question 28

Crossing Over

Answer 28

2 chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material.

Question 29

Sex-Linked Chromosomes

Answer 29

Found on the 23rd pair XX- girl XY- boy

Question 30

Example of X-Linkage?

Answer 30

Colorblindness

Question 31

Chromatin

Answer 31

Uncondensed DNA

Question 32

Chromatid

Answer 32

One half of the X-shaped chromosome

Question 33

Centromeres tell you what?

Answer 33

How many chromosomes there are

Question 34

Contact inhibition

Answer 34

Cell decides to be heart cell or tissue cell, and begins to divide. When they hit contact inhibition they stop dividing. Ex. Cancer cells do not have contact inhibition

Question 35

Diploid

Answer 35

46 chromosomes

Question 36

Haploid

Answer 36

23 chromosomes

Question 37

After meiosis 1 you should see how many cells? chromosomes?

Answer 37

2 cells 23 chromosomes each They are haploids

Question 38

After mitosis telophase there should be how many cells? How many chromosomes in each?

Answer 38

2 cells 46 each

Question 41

Plieiotrophy

Answer 41

A single gene produces multiple effects Ex sickle cell disease

Question 42

Nuclear division

Answer 42

Mitosis

Question 43

Mesenchime

Answer 43

All CT is derived from

Question 44

Ground substance

Answer 44

Unstructured material that fills solace between cells

Question 45

Matrix

Answer 45

Extra cellular material between tissues

Question 46

GAG's | Glycoaminoglycans

Answer 46

Act as sponge and attract water Produce tissue gel

Question 47

Proteoglycans

Answer 47

Composed of mostly water Found in matrix

Question 48

Adhesive glycoproteins

Answer 48

Binds plasma membrane protiens to collagen

Question 49

Fibronectin

Answer 49

Binds collagen fibers to ground substance

Question 50

Osteon

Answer 50

Basic unit of structure in compact bone

Question 51

Canaliculi

Answer 51

Network of small canals

Question 52

Lamellae

Answer 52

Concentric rings of matrix

Question 53

Where does translation take place?

Answer 53

Cytoplasm

Question 91

After meiosis II how many cells should there be? Chromosomes?

Answer 91

4 cells 23 each

Question 92

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 92

A single phenotype results from the combined action of genes at two or more different loci. Ex eye color