Glucose metabolism

Question 0

Bridge

Answer 0

-2 separate Pyruvic acids are oxidized and become acetyl coenzyme A & acetyl coenzyme A2.

Question 1

Glycolysis

Answer 1

-1 glucose molecule breaks down into 2 Pyruvic Acids (6C–>3C)

Question 2

Krebs

Answer 2

-Both Acetyl Coenzymes are stripped of their hydrogen protons & electrons. -all that is left of the sugar is CO2 and H2O (exhale).

Question 3

How many total ATP are gained from Glycolysis? How?

Answer 3

8 total

• (2ATP–>2ADP) + (4ADP–>4ATP)= 2
• (2NAD+ –>2NADH+H)= 6

Question 4

How many ATP are gained from Bridge?

Answer 4

6 total

-2NAD+ –> 2NADH+H = 6

Question 5

How many ATP are gained from the Krebs step?

Answer 5

24 total

• 6NAD+ –> 6NADH+H = 18
• 2ADP –> 2ATP = 2
• 2FAD–> 2FADH+ = 4

Question 6

How many ATP are in each NADH+H?

Answer 6

3 ATP

Question 7

How many ATP are in each FADH+?

Answer 7

2ATP

Question 8

Where is Glycolysis located?

Answer 8

Outside the mitochondria, within the cytoplasm.

Question 9

Where does the Bridge step take place?

Answer 9

Inside the mitochondria

Question 10

Where does the Krebs step take place?

Answer 10

Inside the mitochondria

Question 11

Aerobic

Answer 11

O2 required

Question 12

Anaerobic

Answer 12

O2 not required

Question 13

Where specifically is oxygen used and why?

Answer 13

Oxygen is used specifically in the bridge and krebs stages to oxidate the carbon atoms. That is how CO2 is released.

Question 14

Oxidation

Answer 14

The combination of a substance with oxygen

Reaction in which the atom in an element loses an electron and the valence shell increases

Question 15

Reduction

Answer 15

A decrease in positive valence or an increase in neg valance.

Hydrogen combines with a compound

Oxygen is removed from a compound

Question 16

Substrate Level Phosphorylation

Answer 16

Only occurs in glycolysis & Krebs.

ADP –> ATP

Question 17

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 17

Occur in all 3 steps

Anytime NADH+H or FADH+ are used to create ATP

Question 18

Hydrolysis/Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 18

Chemical breakdown on a compound due to reaction with water.

Occurs anytime there is a chemical breakdown, but you can’t see it in te diagram.

Question 19

ATP Synthase

Answer 19

Synthesizes ATP

Only allows hydrogen protons through

Comes from ADP & phosphate

Question 20

Chemiosmosis

Answer 20

Proton moves across a mitochondrial membrane and ATP synthesis pumps metabolites across a membrane.

(Generation of ATP through hydrogen ions across a membrane. )

Question 21

Beta Oxidation

Answer 21

Catabolism of fatty acids in which the fatty acid chain is shortened by successive removal of two carbon fragments from the carboxyl end of the chain.

Question 22

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 22

Synthesizes glucose in the liver

Question 23

Glycogenolysis

Answer 23

The hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose

Question 24

Glycogenesis

Answer 24

Formation of glycogen from sugar

Question 25

Glycogen

Answer 25

Polysaccharide that stores glucose

Question 26

Glucose

Answer 26

Simple sugar

Question 27

What condition would cause lactic acid to build up?

Answer 27

Cells don't receive enough oxygen >> pH levels drop >> cells metabolize creating lactae

Question 28

Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 28

2k- in 3Na+ out

Question 29

What does the Electron Transport Chain do? Where is it located?

Answer 29

Located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Sorts electrons and protons carried in by NADH+H and FADH+

Question 30

Malate Shuttle

Answer 30

Cells of the liver, kidneys, and heart use this resulting in 3 ATP from each NADH

Question 31

Which cells yield 36 ATP?

Answer 31

Skeletal & Nervous

Question 32

Which cells yield 38 ATP?

Answer 32

Kidney, liver, & heart