BMS03

Question 1

What hyperpolarises neurones?

Answer 1

Chlorine ions

Question 2

What’s binds to nicotinic receptors?

Answer 2

2 ach

Question 3

What does Botox do?

Answer 3

Stop Ach

Question 4

What does the somatic NS control?

Answer 4

Skeletal muscles (voluntary)

Question 5

What does salbutamol do?

Answer 5

Agonist of B2 for asthma

Question 6

What does cocaine do?

Answer 6

Block uptake channels

Question 7

What is more widespread SNS or PNS?

Answer 7

SNS

Question 8

Describe the second messenger model which is not cAMP

Answer 8

G protein binds to PIP when the receptor is activated which is converted to DAG and when this happens IP3 is given off

Question 9

What does botox do?

Answer 9

Stop ach

Question 10

What does NANC mean?

Answer 10

Non adrenergic, non cholinergic

Question 11

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 11

Voluntary muscles

Question 12

What messenger model does M3 use?

Answer 12

DAG

Question 13

What messenger model does M2 use and do?

Answer 13

cAMP

The heart

Question 14

What messenger model does A1 use?

Answer 14

DAG

Question 15

What messenger model does A2 use?

Answer 15

cAMP

Question 16

What modulates the ENS? What receptors do they use?

Answer 16

PNS and SNS

NANC

Question 17

What must bind a nicotinic receptor?

Answer 17

2 Ach

Question 18

What does salbutamol do?

Answer 18

Bind B2 receptors to help with asthma

Question 19

What does propranolol do?

Answer 19

Decrease BP and HR by blocking the beta adrenergic receptor

Question 20

What is an agonist VS antagonist?

Answer 20

Agonist binds the receptor and activates it while an antagonist binds the receptor but does not activate it

Question 21

What does kd mean?

Answer 21

The affinity when a drug occupies half of all receptors

Low means high affinity

Question 22

Efficacy VS affinity

Answer 22

Affinity is how well it binds

Efficacy is how well it activates the receptor

Question 23

What do anaesthetics do?

Answer 23

Block Na

Question 24

In general what do B1, 2 and 3 each control?

Answer 24

Heart, airway and bladder

Question 25

What is EC50?

Answer 25

Concentration of a drug giving 50% response

Question 26

What's the difference between type 1 and 2 twitches?

Answer 26

Type 1 is a slow mechanical response to an impulse while type 2 is fast

Question 27

What is tetany?

Answer 27

Many twitches

Question 28

What makes the twitches become fused?

Answer 28

Build up of calcium

Question 29

What's the difference between special and temporal summation?

Answer 29

Temporal is when one neurons releases lots and lots of impulses overtime Spatial is when multiple neurons all release NT to cause one action potential

Question 30

What do synergist muscles do?

Answer 30

Stop unwanted movement

Question 31

Describe the layout of the peri, endo and epineurium?

Answer 31

Epi surrounds many circles which are lined with peri and filled with endo

Question 32

What is grey matter?

Answer 32

Cell bodies

Question 33

What do glia do?

Answer 33

Stick the CNS together

Question 34

What are Schmidt lanterman cells?

Answer 34

Uncompacted myelin

Question 35

What are nissl bodies?

Answer 35

RER

Question 36

Which kid of axons have lower resistance?

Answer 36

Large ones

Question 37

What does myelin do?

Answer 37

Decrease the amount of charge stored in the membrane

Question 38

Where is myelin found? (2)

Answer 38

Central and peripheral NS

Question 39

What are pennate muscles built for?

Answer 39

Power

Question 40

What do fixator muscles do?

Answer 40

Put the body in the best position for the desired movement

Question 41

Name the 3 shapes of muscle

Answer 41

Strap, fusiform and fan

Question 42

What do tendon sheaths do?

Answer 42

Offset heat made due to fiction

Question 43

What are the 3 types of tendons?

Answer 43

Raphe, aponeurosis and intermediate

Question 44

What happens at an insulin receptor?

Answer 44

The receptor dimerises by phosphorylation | RTK is activated which activates RAS which then activates a cascade of MAP kinases

Question 45

What does IP3 cause?

Answer 45

Calcium release

Question 46

What are ramus?

Answer 46

Branches of nerves

Question 47

Name the 4 types of vertebra

Answer 47

Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral

Question 48

What makes up the SNS?

Answer 48

T1-L2

Question 49

What makes up the PNS?

Answer 49

Cranial and S2-S4

Question 50

Which NS has a longer peripheral axon?

Answer 50

PNS

Question 51

Which types of nerves have the ganglia in the CNS?

Answer 51

Sensory

Question 52

What are ganglia?

Answer 52

A number of cell bodies forming a swelling

Question 53

What is white matter?

Answer 53

Myelinated neurons

Question 54

Which NS has motor neurons?

Answer 54

ANS

Question 55

What nerves have synapses?

Answer 55

Motor

Question 56

What do oligodendrocytes do?

Answer 56

Form myelin

Question 57

What do microglia do?

Answer 57

Infection control

Question 58

What do astrocytes do?

Answer 58

Metabolic support

Question 59

What do ependymal cells do?

Answer 59

Line

Question 60

Where are satellite and schwann cells?

Answer 60

SNS and PNS | Peripheral