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F16: Anatomy Test 3 > Bone > Flashcards

Flashcards in Bone Deck (27)
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1
Q

Bone functions?

A

Protection, support, mechanical basis for movement, storage, blood cell formation

2
Q

Five Classifications based on shape

A

1: Long: longer than wide (upper limb and lower limb)
2: Short: cubed (ex. Carpel and tarsel)
3. Flat: scapula, etc.
4. Irregular: hip bones, vertebrae, etc.
5. Sesamoid: formed in the tendons (patella, etc.)

3
Q

Long bone shaft structure?

A

Shaft (diaphysis) is hollowed out in the center where yellow or red bone marrow is found.

4
Q

Long bone epiphysis structure

A

Compact bone on the outside with spongy bone on the inside.

5
Q

What is the metaphysis?

A

The transition between the diaphysis and epiphysis.

6
Q

How do long bones lengthen?

A

Epiphyseal plate (growth plate) is a piece of hyaline cartilage that allows for growth of bone. Eventually becomes piece of bone called epiphyseal line.

7
Q

What separates metaphysis and epiphysis?

A

Growth plate (epiphyseal plate)

8
Q

What part of the bones do tendons attach to?

A

Periosteum

9
Q

What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

10
Q

Does articular cartilage have a perichondrium?

A

No

11
Q

Structure of short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bone.

A

Compact bone with spongy bone (diploe) in between. Compact bone is lined with periosteum.

12
Q

Types of cells in bones?

A
  1. Osteogenic cells
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoclasts
13
Q

ECM makeup of bone

A

Osteoid (organic) - type I collagen and bone matrix proteins [BMPs]; BMPs include GAGs, gylcoproteins, and osteocalsin

Inorganic - hydroxyapatite crystals (50% of dry weight of bone matrix)

14
Q

What do osteogenic cells produce?

A

Osteoblasts

15
Q

What do osteoblasts produce?

A

The osteiod or ECM.

16
Q

What happens to osteoblasts after they have produced enough bone matrix?

A

They send out several cytoplasmic extensions become osteocytes.

They live in and maintain the calcified bone matrix.

17
Q

What are canaliculi?

A

The area in the matrix that hold the cytoplasmic extensions of the osteocytes.

18
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

Resorption and breakdown of bone matrix through creating a heavily acidic environment

19
Q

Structure of osteoclasts?

A

Multinucleated cell with a ruffled border which is the active site of the cell.

20
Q

How is bone calcified?

A

Osteoblasts release various chemicals that accumulate phosphorous and calcium around the collagen fibers.

21
Q

What is the function of canaliculi?

A

The dispersion of nutrients between osteocytes and to blood vessels.

22
Q

Structure of an osteon?

A

Haversian canal surrounded by lamellae

23
Q

What are found inside the haversian canal?

A

Nerve fiber, artery, and veins.

24
Q

Longitudanal osteons put together make up what type of bone?

A

Compact bone

25
Q

What type of canals connect the central haversian canals to the blood vessels in the periosteum?

A

Volkmann’s canal

26
Q

What surrounds the vessels and nerves in a Haversian canal?

A

Endosteum

27
Q

What makes up interstitial lamellae?

A

Old lamellae from osteons that had been previously broken down