Integumentary System

Question 1

Besides skin, what are the other components of the integumentary system?

Answer 1

1. Hair follicles/hair
2. Sweat (sudoriferous) glands
3. Sebacious (oil) glands
4. Nails

Question 2

What are the major functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 2

1. Protective
2. Immunologic
3. Homeostasis
4. Sensory
5. Endocrine
6. Exocrine

Question 3

The epidermis is the ______ layer of the skin while the dermis is the _______ layer.

Answer 3

superficial; deep

Question 4

The epidermis is made up of _______ while the dermis is made of ________ .

Answer 4

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; connective tissue

Question 5

The epidermis is derived from _____ while the dermis is derived from ______.

Answer 5

Ectoderm; mesoderm

Question 6

T/F: The epidermis is highly vascularized.

Answer 6

False. The dermis is highly vascularized while the epidermis is avascular.

Question 7

What is the layer just deep to the skin and what is it made of?

Answer 7

Hypodermis (under the dermis); adipose tissue

Question 8

Where is thick skin typically found?

Answer 8

On palms of hands and soles of feet. These areas are subject to the most abrasion.

Question 9

Which layer is thickened in thick skin?

Answer 9

The epidermal layer

Question 10

T/F: Hair follicles are present in thick skin?

Answer 10

False. Palms and feet dumbass.

Question 11

Name the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial.

Answer 11

1. Stratum Basale; BAD
2. Stratum Spinosum; SPRINTERS
3. Stratum Granulosum; GET
4. Stratum Lucidum*; LEG
5. Stratum Corneum; CRAMPS

Question 12

What is the most abundant cell type in the epidermis?

Answer 12

Keratinocytes

Question 13

What important intermediate filaments are produced by the most abundant cell type of the epidermis?

Answer 13

Keratins - major structural protein of epidermis

Question 14

Keratinocytes produce _____ ______ which participate in the formation of the _____ ______.

Answer 14

lamellar bodies; water barrier

Question 15

Which layer of the epidermis has mitotically active stem cells?

Answer 15

Stratum Basale

Question 16

What gives the stratum spinosum its name?

Answer 16

The keratinocytes exhibit numerous cytoplasmic processes or “spines”

Question 17

At which epidermal layer does the production of lamellar bodies begin?

Answer 17

Stratum spinosum

Question 18

In the stratum granulosum layer, keratinocytes contain _______ ______.

Answer 18

keratohyalin granules

Question 19

T/F: Lamellar bodies are released within the stratum granulosum.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Which epidermal layer is only found in thick skin?

Answer 20

Stratum Lucidum

Question 21

The _______ _________ is a thin translucent layer of eosinophilic cells.

Answer 21

Stratum Lucidum

Question 22

In the _____ ______ cells are filled almost entirely with keratin.

Answer 22

Stratum Corneum

Question 23

How keratinocytes visually transition as they move superficially?

Answer 23

They flatten as they move superficially.

Question 24

What cells produce melanin and where are they found?

Answer 24

Melanocytes; stratum basal with long processes extending into stratum spinosum

Question 25

Where are melanocytes found in the epidermis?

Answer 25

Cell body in the stratum basale. Long processes extend into the stratum spinosum.

Question 26

What role does melanin play in keratinocytes?

Answer 26

Melanin accumulates over nuclei to protect DNA from UV radiation.

Question 27

______ cells are antigen-presenting cells typically found within the stratum spinosum.

Answer 27

Langerhans'

Question 28

What are Langerhans' cells derived from?

Answer 28

Bone marrow

Question 29

______ cells are associated with sensory nerve endings and are located in the ______ ______.

Answer 29

Merkel's; stratum basale

Question 30

What part of a Merkel's cell associates with the terminal of afferent nerve fibers?

Answer 30

Merkel's Corpuscle

Question 31

What are the three major types of skin cancer?

Answer 31

1. Basal Cell Carcinoma: most common, stratum basale 2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: 2nd most common, all levels of epidermis 3. Malignant Melanoma: most serious form, originates from melanocytes

Question 32

The ________ layer of the dermis consists of loose connective tissue.

Answer 32

Papillary

Question 33

The reticular layer of the dermis consists of __________ tissue.

Answer 33

Dense irregular connective

Question 34

T/F: The reticular layer is considerably thinner than the papillary layer.

Answer 34

False. The reticular layer is thicker than the papillary layer.

Question 35

Pacinian corpuscles detect _______ & ________.

Answer 35

pressure & vibration

Question 36

Meissner's corpuscles detect ________.

Answer 36

light touch

Question 37

Where are Meissner's corpuscles found?

Answer 37

Within dermal papillae of hairless skin

Question 38

_____ corpuscles involve myelinated nerves, while _______ corpuscles involve unmyelinated nerves.

Answer 38

Pacinian; Meissner's

Question 39

Stimulation of what muscle results in goosebumps?

Answer 39

Arrector Pili Muscle

Question 40

Eccrine sweat glands lead to the _______ _______ while apocrine sweat glands secrete into _____ _____.

Answer 40

Epidermal surface; hair follicles

Question 41

Which sweat glands become functional at puberty and are responsible for body odor?

Answer 41

Apocrine glands

Question 42

T/F: In regards to the secretory portion of the gland, apocrine sweat glands have a much wider lumen than eccrine glands.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What are the functions of eccrine sweat glands?

Answer 43

regulation of body temperature and waste removal

Question 44

What are the functions of apocrine sweat glands?

Answer 44

Stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement.

Question 45

T/F: Both eccrine and apocrine sweat glands are merocrine glands that excrete through exocytosis.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Where are sebaceous glands found?

Answer 46

Everywhere except thick skin

Question 47

What type of secretion is utilized by sebaceous glands?

Answer 47

Holocrine excretion

Question 48

What is the lipid-containing substance produced and secreted by sebaceous glands?

Answer 48

Sebum