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Flashcards in Bones and Joints Deck (9)
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0
Q

Describe a sesamoid bone and give an example.

A

Sit within a tendon. Stops rubbing on the bone.

Patella/pisiform

1
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A
Support
Protection
Shape
Movement (muscle attachment, lever)
Metabolism (haemopoiesis in red marrow, mineral storage, lipid storage in yellow marrow)
2
Q

Describe fibrous joints with examples.

A

Fixed or immoveable
Joined by fibrous connective tissue

E.g. Sutures in the skull, gomphosis, syndesmosis (interosseus membrane)

3
Q

Describe cartilagenous joints with examples.

A

Primary - synchondrosis. Hyaline cartilage, most replaced by bone during growth e.g. Epiphyseal plate

Secondary - symphysis. Fibrocartilage e.g. Intervertebral disc, pubic symphysis

4
Q

Describe a synovial joint.

A

Articular capsule that secretes synovial fluid, synovial fluid and articular (hyaline) cartilage. Can have a fibrous capsule.
Additional structures include menisci for cushioning and ligaments inside or out.

Plane e.g. Acromioclavicular joint
Hinge e.g. Elbow/knee
Saddle e.g. Wrist/1st carpometacarpal joint
Ball and socket e.g. Shoulder/ head of femur to acetabulum
Condyloid e.g. Metacarpalpharyngeal joint
Pivot e.g. Atlantoaxial joint

6
Q

What does joint stability depend on?

A

Articular surface (depth/ratio)
Ligaments
Muscle/muscle tone

7
Q

Describe the difference between synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis.

A

Synarthrosis - joint which permits little or no movement. Mostly fibrous.

Amphiarthrosis - continuous, slightly moveable joint

Diarthrosis - synovial joint. Lots of movement.

8
Q

Describe and give an example of a first class lever.

A

Force is on the opposite side of the load. Most efficient lever.
e.g. skull

9
Q

What class of lever is the majority of muscles?

A

Third class.