Bones & Biomechanics Flashcards
(58 cards)
1
Q
Plane
A
Multiaxial
2
Q
Hinge
A
Uniaxial
3
Q
Pivot
A
Uniaxial
4
Q
Condylar
A
Biaxial (rotation only when flexed)
5
Q
Ellipsoid
A
Biaxial
Can also circumduct
6
Q
Saddle
A
Biaxial
7
Q
Ball & socket
A
Multiaxial
8
Q
Muscle %
A
50%
9
Q
Connective %
A
45%
10
Q
Epithelial %
A
3%
11
Q
Nervous %
A
2%
12
Q
Carpals
A
8
13
Q
Metacarpals
A
5
14
Q
Tarsals
A
7
15
Q
Metatarsals
A
7
16
Q
Vertebrae in sacrum
A
5
17
Q
Vertebrae in coccyx
A
3-5
18
Q
Socket of hip bone
A
Acetabulum
19
Q
% or bone ECM that is organic
A
33%
20
Q
Organic bone made of
A
Collagen
Ground substance
21
Q
Ground substance is
A
Proteoglycans (watery proteins)
22
Q
Inorganic bone is
A
Hydroxyapatite
Other calcium minerals
23
Q
Cellular component of bone makes up ___%
A
2%
24
Q
Osteogenic cells
A
Stem cells that become osteoblasts
25
Osteocytes
Recycle stuff
Communicate
26
Periosteum
Covering for bones
27
Interstitial lamellae
Partially absorbed osteon remnants
28
Epiphyseal plates made of
Hyaline cartilage
29
Hyaline made of
High water
Some collagen
30
Hyaline function
Resists compression
31
Fibrocartilage made of
Collagen fibre bundles
32
Fibrocartilage function
Resists tension and compression
Shock absorber
Deepens articular surfaces
33
DFCT made of
Collagen fibres
Some elastin fibres
34
DFCT function
Resists tension
35
Fibroblasts found
In DFCT
36
Chondrocytes
Cartilage making cells
37
Chondrocytes found
In lacunae in cartilage
38
Which have more elastin, tendons or ligaments?
Ligaments
39
Fibrous joints made from
DFCT
40
Cartilaginous joints made from
Fibrocartilage
41
ACL goes from
Anterior if tibia to posterior of femur
42
ACL restricts
Posterior displacement of femur
43
Sodium potassium pump
2 potassium in
3 sodium out
44
Sarcolemma
Outer membrane of muscle fibres
45
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Membrane network in muscle fibres
46
Voltage-gated sensor (DHPR)
Receives signals from transverse tubules and interacts with RyR
47
RyR
Passive calcium channel on sarcoplasmic reticulum
48
SR calcium ATP-ase
Active calcium pump
49
Actin
Thin filaments on outside
50
Myosin
Thick filaments on inside
51
Myofibril
Organelle containing myosin and actin in muscle fibres
52
Sarcomeres
Repeating units of myofibrils
53
First class lever function
Stabilises joint position
54
Second class lever function
Heavy loads
55
Third class lever function
Large ROM, speed
56
First class order
Force
Fulcrum
Load
57
Second class order
Fulcrum
Load
Force
58
Third class order
Load
Force
Fulcrum
