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HUBS191 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Bone tissue type:

A

Connective

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2
Q

% of bone that is organic

A

33%

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3
Q

%of bone that is inorganic

A

67%

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4
Q

Organic component made up of:

A

Collagen and ground substance (proteoglycans)

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5
Q

Inorganic component made up of:

A

Hydroxyapatite and other Ca minerals (mineral salts)

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6
Q

Osteogenic cells

A

Stem cells that become osteoblasts

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7
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Produce new bone matrix

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8
Q

Osteocytes

A

Recycle proteins and minerals from matrix, communicate

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9
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Remove bone matrix

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10
Q

Lamellae

A

Layers of ECM. Contains collagen fibres

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11
Q

Foramina in compact bone for:

A

Blood supply

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12
Q

Osteons

A

Lengthwise units in compact bone

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13
Q

Osteons

A

Lengthwise units in compact bone

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14
Q

Central canal

A

Inside Osteons, contains blood vessels and nerves

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15
Q

Lacunae

A

Lakes for osteocytes

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16
Q

Trabeculae

A

Columns/tubes of lamella bone in cancellous bone

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17
Q

Cortical bone

A

Compact bone

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18
Q

Foramina (cancellous)

A

Gaps between trabeculae containing marrow

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19
Q

Proteoglycans

A

Long chains of polysaccharides attached to a core protein. Retains water

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20
Q

Periosteum

A

Covering for bones

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21
Q

Institutional lamellae

A

Partially absorbed remnants of Osteons

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22
Q

Osteoporosis risk factors

A

Low calcium, exercise.
High salt, alcohol, and smoking.

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23
Q

Bone homeostasis

A

Maintaining the balance of OB and OC activity to maintain bone mass

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24
Q

Bone turns to cartilage

A

Endochondral ossification

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25
Which part of the bone ossifies first?
Diaphysis
26
Steps of ossification:
1. Calcification 2. Blood vessels and osteoblasts enter
27
Layer of cartilage between diaphysis and epiphyses:
Growth/epiphyseal plates
28
Two types of cartilage in joints:
Hyaline (articular) (main type) Fibrocartilage
29
Hyaline (articular) cartilage:
Resists compression, removes friction
30
Hyaline (articular) cartilage is made of:
a lot of water, not many collagen fibres
31
Hyaline (articular) cartilage is found:
Moulded to articulating surfaces of bones
32
Fibrocartilage:
Resists compressions and tension, shock absorbs, deepens articular surfaces
33
Fibrocartilage is made of:
Many collagen fibre bundles (aligned with stresses)
34
Ligaments connect:
Bone to bone
35
Ligaments restrict movement in which direction?
Away from themselves
36
Bony congruence
Sum of bone surfaces that form an articulation
37
Fibrous joints movement capability:
Least
38
Cartilaginous joints movement capability:
Middle
39
Sunovial joints movement capability:
Most
40
Bones grow wider
Appositional growth
41
Cartilaginous model
Temporary cartilage framework that is replaced by bone
42
Circumferential lamellae
Lamellae surrounding bone
43
DFCT
Dense fibrous connective tissue
44
DFCT makes up:
Ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules
45
DFCT is made of:
Tightly packed collagen fibres and some elastin fibres. Also contains fibroblasts.
46
DFCT is designed to:
Resist tension
47
Fibroblasts
Cells that create and maintain connective tissues
48
Chondrocytes
Make cartilage ECM
49
Chondrocytes are found:
In lacunae in cartilage
50
Avascular
No blood vessels
51
Cartilage is avascular/not avascular
Avascular
52
Nutrients enter cartilage via
Joint loading. Pushed in when body moves
53
Tendons connect:
Bone to muscle
54
Tendons have more/less elastin than ligaments
Less
55
Elastin
Stretchy protein
56
Fibrous joints made of:
Ligaments made of DFCT
57
Cartilaginous joints made of:
Fibrocartilage
58
Synovial joints are made of:
Hyaline (articular) cartilage
59
ROM
Range of movement/motion
60
Joint capsule outer layer made from:
DFCT, stops leakage
61
Joint capsule inner layer made of:
Synovial membrane - thin layer of cells.
62
Joint cavity
Space inside joint capsule, allows for movement
63
Synovial membrane functions
Holds nutrients for joint loading Helps frictionless movement Secretes synovial fluid
64
Synovial fluid
Fills joint cavity and lubricates joint
65
Capsular ligaments
Thick parts of joint capsule where more support is needed. Not all synovial joints have these.
66
Eg. of capsular ligaments
Collateral ligaments of knee: Medial collateral ligament (MCL) Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
67
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Connects femur to tibia, restricts abduction
68
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Connects femur to fibula, restricts adduction
69
Intracapsular ligaments
Ligaments inside capsule. Only some joints have these.
70
Eg. of intracapsular ligaments
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
71
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Anterior of tibia to posterior of femur. Restricts posterior displacement of femur
72
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Posterior of tibia to posterior to anterior of femur. Restricts anterior displacement of femur
73
Fibrocartilaginous pads
Fill in space Provide shock absorption Deepen articulations Only found in some joints
74
Eg. Of Fibrocartilaginous pads
Menisci (plural) in knee that provides shock absorption and stability
75
Plane
Multiaxial
76
Hinge
Uniaxial
77
Pivot
Uniaxial
78
Condylar
Biaxial
79
Ellipsoid
Biaxial
80
Saddle
Biaxial
81
Ball and socket
Multiaxial

HUBS191 (10 decks)

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