- Supply nutrients to neurons - Cover blood capillaries - Injury response

Neuroanatomy Flashcards by Grace Pettit

Four types of neuron:

Multipolar, unipolar, bipolar and anaxonic

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How many types of glia and where are they?

4 in CNS, 1 in PNS

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Group of cell bodies in PNS

Ganglion

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Group of cell bodies in CNS

Nucleus

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Bundle of axons in CNS

Tract

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Grey matter

Group of cell bodies in cerebral cortex or spinal cord.

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White matter

Bundle of axons in cerebral cortex or spinal cord.

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Astrocytes function

Supply nutrients to neurons
Cover blood capillaries
Injury response

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Microglia

Immune cells of CNS

Engulf microorganisms and debris

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PNS glia

Support peripheral nervous fibres

Ensheath them with myelin

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Schwann cells

Myelinate axons in PNS

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Gaps between myelin

Nodes of Ranvier

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Somatic info

Stuff we are aware of

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Autonomic info

Stuff we aren’t aware of

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Number of neurons in somatic efferent division

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Number of neurons in autonomic efferent communication

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Neurotransmitter for somatic efferent communication

Ach

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Which system is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic?

Autonomic efferent

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Autonomic ganglion

Junction where signals pass from CNS to PNS

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Neurotransmitter for final synapse in autonomic efferent:

Norepinephrine or ACh

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Sympathetic neuron lengths

Neuron 2 is short, neuron 3 is long

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Parasympathetic neuron lengths

Neuron 2 is long, neuron 3 is short

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In SNS preganglionic neuron has cell body:

In thoracolumbar levels

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In PSNS preganglionic neuron has cell body:

In cranial and sacral levels

(Brainstem and spinal cord)

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Which system was ganglion near effectors?

Parasympathetic

How many pairs of sympathetic ganglia?

21-23

Gate closed level

-70 mV

Gate opened level

-60 mV

Gate inactivated level

+30 mV

Axon hillock to axon terminals are all ___________ gated

Voltage

Dendrites and cell body are ________ gated

Chemically

Cl- gradient. There is more inside/outside cell

Outside

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

GABA

IPSPs use chemically gated ____ channels

K+ or Cl-

EPSPs use chemically gated _____ channels

Na+

Summed input from multiple neurons

Spatial summation

Summed input from repeated firing of one neuron

Temporal summation

VG K+ channels are triggered to open at

-60 mV

Slow voltage gated channels are

K+

Membrane potential goes as low as

-90 mV

Period of rest after stimulus when another stimulus won’t have an effect

Refractory period

Refractory period occurs when

VG Na+ channels are open or inactivated

Relative refractory period occurs when

Some VG Na+ channels shift from inactive to closed

AP propagation speed

1-5 m/s

Spinal cord ends at

Inferior border of first lumbar vertebra

Anterior brain

Rostral

Posterior brain

Caudal

Anterior spinal cord

Ventral

Tapered cone at end of meningeal sac is called

Conus medularis

Anchor of spinal chord

Filum terminale

Spinal cord has ___ segments

Dorsal part of spinal cord is _________ info

Sensory

In peripheral nerves, axons are covered in

Endoneurium

In peripheral nerves, fascicles are covered in

Perineurium

Peripheral nerves are covered in

Epineurium

Upper medial separation

Falx cerebri

Lower medial separation

Falx cerebelli

Horizontal separation

Tentorium cerebelli

Cerebrum

Upper

Third ventricle is in

Diancephalon

Third and fourth ventricle connected by

Cerebral aqueduct

Fourth ventricle

At the level of the cerebellum

Blood/CSF barrier is made of

Epithelial cells of the choroid plexus

Network of blood vessels in each ventricle of the brain:

Choroid plexus

CSF circulation path

1. Lateral ventricles 2. Third ventricle 3. Cerebral aqueduct 4. Fourth ventricle 5. Subarachnoid space (incl brain and spinal cord 6. Exits via arachnoid granulations

Where neurons cross sides of the brain:

Commissaral tracts

One of three places the two hemispheres talk

Corpus callosum

Where axons extend between cortex and other CNS areas outside cerebrum:

Projection tracts

Axons on the same side within cerebral cortex:

Association tracts

Pre-central gyrus

Primary motor cortex

Post-central gyrus

Primary somatosensory cortex

Corticospinal pathway is

Somatic efferent

How many neurons in the corticospinal pathway?

Ventral horn is made of

Grey matter

Dorsal column pathway senses:

Fine touch Vibration Pressure Proprioception

Gated ion channels for cell body

Na+ Cl-

Gated ion channels for axon hillock

Na+ K+

Gated ion channels for axon

Na+ K+

Gated ion channels for axon terminal

Ca++

Temporal lobe position

Bottom middle

Parietal lobe position

Top middle

Occipital lobe position

Back

Corticospinal pathway positions:

1. Primary motor cortex 2. Spinal cord 3. Ventral horn 4. Body

Spinothalamic tract positions:

1. Dorsal root ganglion 2. Spinal cord 3. Thalamus 4. Somatosensory cortex

Dorsal column pathway positions:

1. Dorsal root ganglion 2. Medulla oblongata 3. Thalamus 4. Somatosensory cortex

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

(85 cards)