Bordetella, Histophilus, Actinobacillus (Exam 1)

Question 1

PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex) is caused by the bacterial initiator, __________ _________, and follower pathogen, ________ ________.

Answer 1

Initiator: Bordetella bronchiseptica
Follower: Pasteurella multocida

Question 2

Bordetella bacteria are gram (negative/positive) (rod/cocci/spirochetes).

Answer 2

gram-negative rods

Question 3

What is the oxygen requirement for Bordetella?

Answer 3

obligate aerobes

Question 4

(T/F) Bordetella ferment sugars.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Other than fimbriae, what are the other adherence factors Bordetella uses?

Answer 5

filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)
tracheal cytotoxin (TCT)

Question 6

__________ is muramyl dipeptide shed during Bordetella infection, one of the virulence factors of Bordetella, which causes loss of ciliated epithelium.

Answer 6

tracheal cytotoxin

Question 7

__________ is a Bordetella exotoxin which causes skin necrosis if injected intradermally.

Answer 7

dermonecrotic toxin

Question 8

What Bordetella virulence factor inhibits phagocytosis by the host?

Answer 8

adenylate cyclase hemolysin

Question 9

Which species of Bordetella causes disease in domestic mammals (swine, dog, cat, horse)?

Answer 9

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Question 10

In swine, Bordetella bronchiseptica causes pneumonia/PRDC and ___________, unique to pigs.

Answer 10

atrophic rhinitis

Question 11

Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis in swine occurs when there is a co-infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and what other bacteria?

Answer 11

Pasteurella multocida (Type D)

Question 12

(T/F) Young pigs are most susceptible to Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis caused by Bordetella infection.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs can cause ___________, or “Kennel Cough”.

Answer 13

Infectious Tracheobronchitis

Question 14

(T/F) Infectious Tracheobronchitis caused by Bordetella in dogs may or may not be associated with a viral infection too.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

In Infectious Tracheobronchitis in dogs, the respiratory mucus layer is (increased/decreased) and cilia is lost.

Answer 15

decreased

Question 16

What is the main clinical sign of Bordetella infection in dogs?

Answer 16

dry, hacking cough

Question 17

CIRD, or Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex is when viruses predispose a dog to ________ infection.

Answer 17

bordetella

Question 18

(T/F) Dogs that recover from Bordetella are immune.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Which species has a very low incidence of Bordetella infection?

Answer 19

horses

Question 20

Which species of Bordetella causes Turkey coryza (rhinotracheitis) in Turkeys?

Answer 20

Bordetella avium

Question 21

Originally, 3 Histophilus species were identified. Later, it was determined they are all genetically identically. Now, they are all referred to as:

Answer 21

Histophilus somni

Question 22

Histophilus bacteria are gram (positive/negative) _______ rods.

Answer 22

negative
pleomorphic

Question 23

Histophilus is (obligate/facultative) intracellular.

Answer 23

facultative

Question 24

Histophilus is spread via ________ and causes respiratory infections and septicemia.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Histophilus causes injury of ___________ via programmed cell death.

Answer 25

vascular endothelium

Question 26

Histophilus causes (acute/chronic) respiratory infection in cattle.

Answer 26

acute

Question 27

List the 4 sequelae / clinical manifestations of Acute Respiratory Infection caused by Histophilus in cattle.

Answer 27

1. bronchopneumonia 2. fibrinous pleuritis 3. tracheitis 4. necrotizing laryngitis

Question 28

Diagnosis of Histophilus in cattle is done via culture on ________ agar.

Answer 28

chocolate (heated blood agar)

Question 29

What acute septicemic disease occurs with cattle Histophilus infection?

Answer 29

TEME (thromboembolic meningoencephalomyelitis)

Question 30

Histophilus infection in cattle can lead to TEME. What is the pathognomonic lesion of TEME?

Answer 30

multifocal hemorrhage/necrosis of brain

Question 31

With TEME in cattle, thrombosis leads to ischemia and necrosis, causing _______.

Answer 31

infarcts (heart & brain)

Question 32

Apart from acute respiratory infection and TEME, __________ infections can also occur with Histophilus.

Answer 32

reproductive tract

Question 33

(T/F) Bacterins can be used to prevent any Histophilus infection in cattle.

Answer 33

False - only TEME

Question 34

Actinobacillus are gram (positive/negative) (cocci/spirochetes/rods).

Answer 34

gram-negative rods

Question 35

What is the oxygen requirement for Actinobacillus?

Answer 35

facultative anaerobe

Question 36

(T/F) Actinobacillus ferments sugars.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What makes Actinobacillus unique in culture?

Answer 37

"sticky" colonies

Question 38

Match the bacterial species of Actinobacillus to the animal it infects: 1. Cattle 2. Sheep 3. Equine

Answer 38

1. A. lignieresii 2. A. seminis 3. A. equuli

Question 39

What disease does Actinobacillus lignieresii cause in cattle?

Answer 39

Wooden Tongue

Question 40

"Wooden Tongue" caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii in cattle leads to _________ when there is dental injury.

Answer 40

abscesses

Question 41

Soft tissue abscesses in "Wooden Tongue" have calcium deposits in the pus called ________.

Answer 41

sulfur granules

Question 42

How can Actinobacillus be differentiated by other bacterial organisms which cause abscesses in cattle?

Answer 42

gram-negative (others gram positive)

Question 43

Actinobacillus seminis causes what problem in rams?

Answer 43

epididymitis

Question 44

Epididymitis in rams caused by Actinobacillus causes what problem?

Answer 44

infertility

Question 45

Which two Actinobacillus species cause disease in swine?

Answer 45

A. suis A. pleuropneumoniae

Question 46

Actinobacillus suis is an opportunistic bacterium which infects swine in (good/poor) health conditions.

Answer 46

good

Question 47

Young pigs infected with Actinobacillus suis become infected via aerosols and develop __________.

Answer 47

acute septicemia

Question 48

How can you differentiate an A. suis infection from an A. pleuropneumoniae infection in swine?

Answer 48

hemolysis on blood agar --> gold color (A. suis)

Question 49

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a (primary/secondary) pathogen.

Answer 49

primary

Question 50

There are 19 different strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on ___________.

Answer 50

capsular antigens

Question 51

A. pleuropneumoniae in swine cause what disease?

Answer 51

Contagious Pleuropneumonia

Question 52

(T/F) Actinobacillus suis causes acute cough and leads to respiratory distress and death in pigs.

Answer 52

False - A. pleuropneumoniae

Question 53

What kind of virulence factor does A. pleuropneumoniae use which is pore-forming, cytotoxic, and hemolytic?

Answer 53

RTX toxins

Question 54

What disease in horses is caused by Actinobacillus equuli?

Answer 54

Sleepy Foal Syndrome