Misc Bacteria (Exam 2)

Question 1

What genus is a gram-negative, “plump” coccobacillus (short rod) that is non-motile and often seen in pairs?

Answer 1

Moraxella

Question 2

Moraxella are (aerobic/anaerobic) and oxidase (positive/negative).

Answer 2

aerobic
positive

Question 3

(T/F) Moraxella are fermenters.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What species and age group are most likely infected by Moraxella? Why?

Answer 4

young beef cattle
eye pigment/position –> susceptible

Question 5

UV light damages the _________, and neutrophils cause more damage. This allows Moraxella to attach to the ________ epithelium for breakdown.

Answer 5

eye
corneal

Question 6

List a few clinical signs of Moraxella infection.

Answer 6

1. conjunctivitis
2. increased lacrimation
3. corneal opacity
4. ulceration

Question 7

(T/F) Moraxella recovery is possible and those that recover remain carriers.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

How is Moraxella transmitted?

Answer 8

flies (primarily face flies) via nasal secretions

Question 9

Moraxella bovis causes what disease in cattle?

Answer 9

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (“pinkeye”)

Question 10

What is unique about Moraxella bovis which allows for phase or antigenic variation?

Answer 10

can switch between 2 pilus types

Question 11

Moraxella bovis has a __________ toxin associated with the outer layer but NOT LPS.

Answer 11

dermonecrotic

Question 12

Moraxella bovis is (alpha/beta) hemolytic.

Answer 12

beta

Question 13

In addition to Moraxella bovis, what other species causes Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis but only has 1 pili, and therefore, less variation?

Answer 13

Moraxella bovoculi

Question 14

What genus of bacteria is a microaerophilic gram-negative coccobacillus with NO flagella or pili?

Answer 14

Taylorella

Question 15

Taylorella grows on ___________ agar in culture.

Answer 15

chocolate (CO2)

Question 16

Which species of bacteria causes Contagious Equine Metritis, an “exotic” but reportable disease?

Answer 16

Taylorella equigenitalis

Question 17

(T/F) While mares are greatly affected by Taylorella equigenitalis infection, stallions have no effects.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

How is Contagious Equine Metritis transmitted?

Answer 18

mating

Question 19

Where is a diagnostic sample taken for culture of Taylorella equigenitalis?

Answer 19

clitoral sinus swab

Question 20

_________ are environmentally prevalent, opportunistic, gram-negative motile rods which cause a variety of diseases in multiple hosts.

Answer 20

Pseudomonas

Question 21

What species of Pseudomonas causes Hemorrhagic Pneumonia?

Answer 21

P. aeruginosa

Question 22

Pseudomonas infections are common with which two afflictions?

Answer 22

cystic fibrosis
burn wounds

Question 23

Which species are affected by Hemorrhagic Pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 23

mink
chinchilla

Question 24

Diagnosis of Pseudomonas can be made by culturing on _________ ________ agar and is positive if _________ pigment is present.

Answer 24

Mueller Hinton
green

Question 25

(T/F) Burkholderia is a genus of gram-negative, non-motile rods that are intrinsically antibiotic resistant.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

While Burkholderia are typically non-motile, when and how can they become motile?

Answer 26

inside cells (actin tails)

Question 27

What is the significance of Burkholderia mallei?

Answer 27

biothreat agent (CDC category B)

Question 28

What disease does Burkholderia mallei cause? What species is infected?

Answer 28

Glanders horses

Question 29

How is Glanders transmitted?

Answer 29

direct contact (tissues/fluids)

Question 30

List the 3 major signs of Glanders in horses, caused by B. mallei.

Answer 30

1. encapsulated abscess 2. respiratory ulcers 3. septicemia

Question 31

Burkholderia pseudomallei is an ____________ source.

Answer 31

environmental

Question 32

What disease is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and infects rodents, dogs, and humans?

Answer 32

Pseudoglanders or Melioidosis

Question 33

Vibrio is a curved, gram-negative, (obligate/facultative) (aerobe/anaerobe) that is (motile/nonmotile).

Answer 33

facultative anaerobe motile

Question 34

Vibrio ferments ________ and oxidase _______.

Answer 34

glucose positive

Question 35

What significant human disease and species is caused by Vibrio?

Answer 35

Vibrio cholerae (Cholera)

Question 36

How is Vibrio cholerae transmitted?

Answer 36

oral ingestion

Question 37

What is the significance of cholera toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae?

Answer 37

undergo lysogenic conversion (can change phenotype from non-cholera producing to cholera toxin producing)

Question 38

Vibrio __________ causes Gastroenteritis in humans.

Answer 38

parahaemolytica

Question 39

Two different species of Vibrio bacterium can _________ disease in fish, especially salmon.

Answer 39

Ulcer

Question 40

Which bacterial genus are gram-negative rods which prefer lower temperatures such as in water and soil and infect reptiles, fish and amphibians, causing GI disease?

Answer 40

Aeromonas

Question 41

Frogs develop abscesses and ulcers when infected by Aeromonas _________, considered _________ disease.

Answer 41

Aeromonas hydrophila "Red Leg"

Question 42

Fish develop __________ disease when infected by Aeromonas __________, causing skin lesions and septicemia.

Answer 42

Furunculosis Aeromonas salmonicida

Question 43

Aeromonas salmonicida uses Type ____ secretion systemic to deliver toxin to a host.

Answer 43

III

Question 44

Which species of bacterium causes Cotton Mouth disease, often caused by oxytetracycline or kanamycin-laced food?

Answer 44

Flavobacterium columnare

Question 45

Flavobacterium __________ causes Coldwater Disease / Rainbow Trout Fry Syndrome in cold water fish.

Answer 45

psychrophilum

Question 46

A cilia-associated respiratory bacillus or CAR is also known as which genus?

Answer 46

Filobacterium

Question 47

(T/F) Filobacterium uses a flagella for motility.

Answer 47

False - gliding motility (NO flagella)

Question 48

Filobacterium rodentium causes what disease in rodents?

Answer 48

chronic respiratory disease

Question 49

Filobacterium are ________philic, meaning it binds _________.

Answer 49

argentophilic silver

Question 50

(T/F) Bartonella are facultative intracellular.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Bartonella henselae causes what disease in young animals?

Answer 51

Cat Scratch Disease

Question 52

What is the primary lesion seen in Cat Scratch Disease caused by Bartonella henselae?

Answer 52

regional adenopathy

Question 53

(T/F) Cats infected with Cat Scratch Disease are usually asymptomatic.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Type ____ secretion system is by Bartonella henselae. The process is similar to ________ between bacteria.

Answer 54

IV conjugation

Question 55

Bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii causes _____________ in dogs and is transmitted by __________.

Answer 55

Endocarditis ticks

Question 56

(T/F) Francisella is a (motile/non-motile) coccobacillus, (facultative/obligate) aerobe, and (facultative/obligate) intracellular pathogen.

Answer 56

non-motile obligate facultative

Question 57

Francisella can be cultured on blood agar with _________.

Answer 57

cysteine

Question 58

Rabbit Fever, Deer-Fly Fever, and Ohara's Disease infect a variety of mammals and are caused by Francisella __________.

Answer 58

tularensis

Question 59

How is Francisella tularensis primarily transmitted?

Answer 59

ticks

Question 60

(T/F) Francisella tularensis is a Category A threat agent.

Answer 60

True

Question 61

Francisella tularensis primarily causes __________ skin lesions, but pneumonic or typhoidal are more severe.

Answer 61

ulceroglandular

Question 62

Helicobacter is _________ and _________ positive.

Answer 62

oxidase urease

Question 63

What is the oxygen requirement for Helicobacter?

Answer 63

microaerophilic

Question 64

Helicobacter ________ causes gastritis and GI ulcers in adults.

Answer 64

H. pylori

Question 65

Which two species of Helicobacter are considered carcinogenic and associated with develop of different types of cancer?

Answer 65

H. pylori H. hepaticus

Question 66

Acute, contagious disease in poultry, particularly turkeys, which causes air sacculitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, and decreased growth and egg production is caused by:

Answer 66

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Question 67

Which bacterial species causing hemorrhagic septicemia and wound infections in marine mammals and fish?

Answer 67

Photobacterium damselae is a species

Question 68

Photobacterium damselae is a Level ____ bioagent.

Answer 68

2

Question 69

How is Epizootic Bovine Abortion transmitted? What bacterial species causes it?

Answer 69

soft-shell tick Pajaroellobacter abortibovis