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Bacteriology II > Leptospira (Exam 4) > Flashcards

Leptospira (Exam 4) Flashcards

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1
Q

Leptospira is a gram (negative/positive) tightly-coiled, motile _______.

A

negative
spirochete

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1
Q

Pathogenic Leptospira has ___ (linear/circular) chromosome(s).

A

2 circular

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2
Q

What is the oxygen requirement for Leptospira?

A

obligate aerobic

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3
Q

(T/F) Leptospira has an LPS that is highly toxic to its host.

A

False (not as toxic as others)

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4
Q

Leptospira has an endoflagella located where?

A

periplasmic space

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5
Q

Leptospira is (sensitive/resistant) to dryness, heat, and disinfectants while (sensitive/resistant) to cool water.

A

sensitive
resistant

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6
Q

(T/F) Leptospira is highly immunogenic.

A

True

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7
Q

Leptospira _______ is divided into multiple pathogenic species based on serology & genetic analysis.

A

interrogans

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8
Q

There are only ___ to ___ serovars of Leptospira that are important pathogens in the US.

A

6-8

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9
Q

Leptospira interrogans as 4 important serovars:

A
  1. Icterohaemorrhagiae
  2. Canicola
  3. Pomona
  4. Bratislava
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10
Q

Leptospira kerschneri has which important serovar?

A

Grippotyphosa

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11
Q

Leptospira borgpetersenii has which important serovar?

A

Hardjo

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12
Q

(T/F) Leptospirosis is zoonotic.

A

True

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13
Q

Leptospirosis causes serious disease in which 3 species?

A

dogs
cattle
swine

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14
Q

Horses and sheep are relatively _______ to Leptospira.

A

resistant

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15
Q

_______ are susceptible to Leptospira infection but resistant to clinical disease.

A

cats

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16
Q

Which wild animal has periodic outbreaks and high death due to Leptospira infection?

A

sea lions

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17
Q

(T/F) Humans are susceptible to ALL common serovars of Leptospira.

A

True

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18
Q

Culture of Leptospira is only completed in major diagnostic labs. Which 3 types of samples are used?

A
  1. urine
  2. blood
  3. tissues (kidney, liver, brain)
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19
Q

Leptospira in culture grows (quickly/slowly).

A

slowly

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20
Q

Culture of pathogenic Leptospira requires 3 nutritional factors:

A
  1. albumin
  2. lipid
  3. vitamin B12
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21
Q

For Leptospira culture, _______ and _______ media are used in combination with rabbit serum.

A

Stuart’s
Fletcher’s

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22
Q

_______ medium is an option for Leptospira culture WIHTOUT added serum.

A

Ellinghausen

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23
Q

Which selective agent, a pyrimidine antagonist, is required for culture of Leptospira?

A

5-fluorouracil

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24
Leptospira can be transmitted by enty into which two locations?
1. mucosal surfaces (oral, nasal, genital) 2. skin (injured/softened)
25
List 4 routes of Leptospira transmission. Which is most common?
1. ingestion (most common) 2. venereal 3. inhalation 4. skin
26
_______ from infected animals, especially wildlife, is especially important in the spread of Leptospira.
urine
27
In addition to urine, _________ are another source of Leptospira transmission.
aborted fetuses
28
List the 3 clinical responses/syndromes that can occur with Leptospirosis.
1. inapparent/subclinical 2. acute septicemic 3. subacute
29
Which clinical response to Leptospira is the most common?
inapparent/subclinical
30
Inapparent or subclinical Leptospirosis localizes at the _______ and can cause Leptospiremia, leading to chronic shedding.
kidneys
31
Acute Septicemic Leptospirosis occurs in _______ dogs, cattle, swine, and horses.
young
32
Acute Septicemic Leptospirosis is an acute ______ disease, causing severe tissue damage.
febrile
33
Subacute Leptospirosis causes which 3 less severe clinical signs?
1. abortion 2. infertility 3. ocular disease
34
Ocular disease due to Subacute Leptospirosis primarily occurs in:
horses
35
Acute Leptospirosis is transmitted via ingestion/inhalation and primary multiplication in the _______.
liver
36
Match the Acute Septicemic Leptospirosis signs to the species it is most likely to cause them in: 1. hepatic lesions, jaundice 2. anemia & hemoglobinuria 3. hemorrhage 4. abortion, infertility
1. dogs 2. ruminants 3. dogs & young calves 4. adult swine & cattle
37
Asymptomatic Leptospirosis initially localizes in the kidneys and after an extended time, leads to:
renal failure & death
38
_____ antibody removes Leptospira via agglutination and ____ antibody primarily neutralizes it via opsonization & phagocytosis.
IgM IgG
39
The immune response to Leptospira clears it from ALL tissues except:
kidney
40
(T/F) Specific Leptospira serovars offer life-long immunity and cross-immunity.
True
41
In Acute Leptospirosis, the animal will become seropositive after what period of time after initial infection?
2-4 weeks
42
__________ tests are used for diagnosis of Leptospirosis.
agglutination
43
Agglutination Tests can be divided into ________ & _______ Agglutination Tests.
macroscopic microscopic
44
(Macroscopic/Microscopic) Agglutination Tests use killed antigen and is not very sensitive, so used less often for Leptospirosis.
macroscopic
45
Microscopic Agglutination Test is the standard test for Leptospirosis and uses (live/killed) Leptospira as antigens.
live
46
Microscopic Agglutination Test determines which _______ of Leptospira you have.
serovar
47
(T/F) Bacterins are available for Leptospirosis and cross-protection occurs between serovars.
False (NO cross-protection!)
48
Majority of current US cases of Canine Leptospirosis are caused by which serovar?
Grippotyphosa
49
Which 3 animals are carrier hosts for Canine Leptospirosis (serovar Grippotyphosa)?
skunk, opossum, raccoon
50
(T/F) Abortion is a major problem in Canine Leptospirosis.
False! (not major problem like livestock & horses)
51
Dogs from ___ to ___ years are often affected by Canine Leptospirosis, showing non-specific signs.
1-3
52
Which two forms of acute disease occur in dogs with Leptospirosis?
acute renal failure liver damage
53
Acute Renal Failure in dogs due to leptospirosis occurs due to acute _________ nephritis and azotemia.
interstitial
54
Liver damage due to Acute Leptospirosis in dogs occurs from a hemorrhagic vasculitis mainly caused by which serovars?
Pomona
55
Which clinical pathology sign is seen with Canine Leptospirosis?
azotemia
56
Canine Leptospirosis is confirmed primarily by:
serodiagnosis
57
Leptospirosis in horses is mainly due to which serovar?
Pomona
58
(T/F) Most horses do not develop clinical disease with Leptospira.
True
59
List the 2 most common signs of Leptospirosis in horses.
recurrent uveitis (moon blindness) abortion
60
Which is more common in horses: Acute & Subacute Leptospirosis or Inapparent Infection?
inapparent infection
61
Which two serovars are the primary ones that cause Swine Leptospirosis?
Pomona Bratislava
62
Leptospirosis is the most common cause of ______ in swine in the US.
abortion
63
________ serovar of Leptospira is associated with swine infertility, mummified fetuses, late abortion, and slowed growth.
Bratislava
64
______ leptospirosis is rare in swine.
acute
65
Which Leptospira serovar is the most common in cattle?
Hardjo
66
Acute Septicemia caused by Leptospira in cattle causes what primary clinical sign?
hemolytic anemia
67
What differential has similar signs to Acute Septicemic Bovine Leptospirosis?
bacillary hemoglobinuria
68
(T/F) Human-to-human transmission of Leptospirosis is a common route of transport.
False
69

Bacteriology II (22 decks)

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