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Bacteriology II > CNS Viruses (Exam 5) > Flashcards

CNS Viruses (Exam 5) Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Rabies Virus is a ______-preventable disease.

A

vaccine

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2
Q

(T/F) Rabies Virus is highly contagious.

A

False

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3
Q

Mass canine vaccination programs allow for ________ _______ of Rabies Virus.

A

herd immunity

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4
Q

Fill-in the following for Rabies Virus:

Family: _________
Genus: _________

A

Rhabdoviridae
Lyssavirus

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5
Q

Rabies Virus is a (DNA/RNA) virus.

A

RNA

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6
Q

Lyssaviruses are broken down into ___ genotypes, Genotype __ being classical rabies while the others are various lyssaviruses in bats.

A

7
1

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7
Q

Diagnostic test that detects internal nucleocapsid proteins of Rabies Virus.

A

immunofluorescence

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8
Q

(T/F) Rabies can be transmitted from animal-to-animal or animal-to-human.

A

True

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9
Q

How is Rabies transmitted?

A

bite wounds (saliva into tissues)

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10
Q

In developed countries with vaccinated dogs, what hosts serve as the major cause of transmission to humans?

A

wildlife reservoirs

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11
Q

In less-developed countries, ______ and ______ serve as the primary reservoirs for Rabies Virus.

A

feral dogs
bats

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12
Q

________ serve as subclinical carriers of Rabies.

A

bats

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13
Q

(T/F) Clinical signs of Rabies usually show up at the time they become infectious.

A

True

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14
Q

(T/F) While rare, fomite transmission of Rabies Virus can occur.

A

False

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15
Q

(T/F) It is probably NOT possible to become infected by Rabies Virus via inhalation.

A

True

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16
Q

Match the type of animal to its characteristic in terms of Rabies Virus:

  1. antibodies w/o disease
  2. susceptible, CNS clinical disease
  3. maintenance hosts for transmission
A
  1. birds
  2. mammals
  3. wildlife
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17
Q

The two most important wildlife reservoirs for the spread of Rabies virus are:

A

skunks & bats

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18
Q

After a rabid animal bite, the infected saliva deposits deep into _______ where it replicates and binds at receptors of ________.

A

muscle
motor end plate

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19
Q

After rabies virus binds to the motor end plate receptors of muscle, it travels up the neuron and replicates in ______ and subsequently, peripheral nerves & organs, especially _______ where high titers of the virus occur.

A

brain
salivary glands

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20
Q

When Rabies Virus infects the limbic system, this is commonly called:

A

furious rabies

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21
Q

When Rabies Virus infects the neocortex, this is commonly called:

A

dumb rabies

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22
Q

(T/F) No particular clinical sign is pathognomonic for Rabies infection.

A

True

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23
Q

Rabies should always be a differential for neurologic disease is the animal is not ________.

A

vaccinated

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24
Q

The incubation period of Rabies Virus is determined by the _________ and _______ of the bite.

A

location & severity

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25
Diagnosis of Rabies infection only occurs (ante/post)-mortem.
post
26
What diagnostic test is used on fresh brain tissue for Rabies diagnosis?
Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test
27
A positive Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test on fresh brain tissue is determined by the presence of _________ in neurons.
Negri bodies
28
(T/F) Rapid test kits are currently available for detect of Rabies Virus.
False
29
(T/F) Brains and heads intended for Rabies diagnosis should be frozen prior to testing.
False (can refrigerate)
30
______ impression smears and ______ biopsies can be used for antemortem Rabies diagnosis in humans.
corneal skin
31
Regardless of vaccination status, if a dog, cat, or ferret bites someone, what is the protocol?
confine/observe for 10 days (evaluate by vet if develop signs)
32
Post-bite in a human, what helps to inactivate and lower the viral dose of Rabies?
irrigate/wash wound (soap & water)
33
(T/F) All Rabies vaccines are inactivated or vectored MLV. There are NO MLV vaccines licensed.
True
34
(T/F) There are few approved vaccines for wildlife kept as pets or wild animal hybrids.
False (NONE)
35
Which 4 species should always be vaccinated for Rabies?
dogs, cats, ferrets, horses
36
_______ are small, proteinaceous infectious particles that resist inactivation by procedures that modify nucleic acids.
prions
37
______ is the normal prion protein while ______ is the pathogenic prion variant causing misfolding.
PrPc PrPsc
38
PrPc is degraded by ________ while PrPsc is resistant.
proteinase K
39
PrPsc is resistant to what 3 things other than proteinase K?
boiling, formaldehyde, irradiation
40
List the 3 major animal prion diseases discussed.
1. Scrapie 2. Chronic Wasting Disease 3. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
41
Which two species are affected by Scrapie?
sheep, goats
42
(T/F) Scrapie can be transmitted to humans.
False (not known to be zoonotic)
43
______ factors and strain ______ determine which animals are infected with Scrapie.
genetic variants
44
How is Scrapie transmitted? (2 ways)
1. oral route 2. wounds from infected material
45
(T/F) The natural route of Scrapie transmission has NOT been proven.
True
46
List 3 clinical signs of Scrapie.
1. ataxia 2. pruritis ("scraping") 3. wasting
47
Scrapie has a (long/short) incubation period.
long
48
(T/F) Prion Disease, such as Scrapie, cause an immune response in the host.
False
49
After prions are ingested, they move to the lymphoid tissues and CNS, where they cause:
neuronal degeneration
50
All methods of Scrapie diagnosis require _______ and ______ reactions.
infected tissue antibody reactions
51
Which 2 tests can be used to detect Scrapie?
IHC & ELISA
52
Which test is considered the "gold standard" for Scrapie diagnosis?
IHC
53
What kind of animals are affected by Chronic Wasting Disease?
mule deer, white-tailed deer, elk (cervids)
54
The main clinical sign of Chronic Wasting Disease is chronic _________ which progressively leads to death, often due to __________.
weight loss aspiration pneumonia
55
(T/F) The relationship between Chronic Wasting Disease and other spongiform encephalopathies is unknown.
True
56
(T/F) Chronic Wasting Disease is NOT present in Missouri.
False
57
Which two ways is Chronic Wasting Disease transmitted?
1. direct contact (ingestion) 2. indirect (environmental)
58
In terms of the indirect environment contamination route of CWD transmission, _________ is a major factor which determines prion persistence in the environment.
soil type
59
Chronic Wasting Disease has been experimentally transmitted to _______ and _______ via intracerebral inoculation or fed infected tissues.
ruminants monkeys
60
(T/F) There is strong evidence for CWD transmitted naturally in humans.
False (not currently known)
61
Chronic Wasting Disease usually occurs in (young/adult) animals and is (never/sometimes/always) progressive and fatal.
adult always
62
The "gold standard" for CWD diagnosis is immunohistochemistry of ______ or _____ tissues on necropsy.
brain lymphoid
63
What disease is a reportable, chronic, degenerative disease affecting CNS of adult cattle caused by misfolded prions?
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
64
Bovids infected with BSE begin agitated, anxious, and apprehensive but progress to:
abnormal gait & frenzied movements
65
BSE has a long incubation period of:
2-8 years
66
The most important route for BSE transmission is:
ingestion (feed containing infected meat & bone meal)
67
(T/F) BSE can be transmitted to humans.
True
68
BSE transmitted to humans is called:
Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease
69
In addition to bovids and humans, what other animals are known to develop BSE after being fed infected meat?
zoo cats
70
In BSE, prions are concentrated in what 3 regions?
eyes brain spinal cord
71
(T/F) BSE infected prions have been found in meat and milk of infected bovids.
False
72
(T/F) There are NO gross lesions for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy.
True
73
There are no ________ tests for BSE.
serological
74
The initial screening for BSE uses ________ test while confirmation uses scrapie-associated fibril-enriched ___________.
ELISA Western Blot
75

Bacteriology II (22 decks)

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