Spirochetes (Exam 1)

Question 1

Spirochetes are gram (positive/negative) organism.

Answer 1

negative

Question 1

What structure do all spirochetes have for motility?

Answer 1

endoflagella

Question 2

Spirochetes are mostly (obligate/facultative) (aerobes/anaerobes).

Answer 2

obligate anaerobes

Question 3

(T/F) Spirochetes can be part of the normal gut flora.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Spirochetes use _______ for adherence to host cells and antigenic variation.

Answer 4

OMPs (outer membrane proteins)

Question 5

Within the Spirochaetes Class, there are what 2 families?

Answer 5

brachyspiraceae
spirochaetaceae

Question 6

Brachyspira are transmitted via:

Answer 6

fecal-oral

Question 7

Which too strains of Brachyspira are pathogenic in chickens?

Answer 7

Brachyspira alvinipulli
Brachyspira pilosicoli

Question 8

What clinical sign does Brachyspirosis cause in chickens, dogs, and pigs?

Answer 8

diarrhea

Question 9

Which two strains of Brachyspira infect the GI mucosa of dogs?

Answer 9

Brachyspira innocens
Brachyspira pilosicoli

Question 10

Which two pig diseases are caused by Brachyspira?

Answer 10

1. porcine intestinal spirochetosis
2. swine dysentery

Question 11

Which strain of bacteria causes Swine Dysentery?

Answer 11

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Question 12

There are ___ serotypes of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae which cause Swine Dysentery.

Answer 12

9

Question 13

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae grows in intestinal ______ leading to inflammation and necrosis, and ultimately hemorrhagic colitis of Swine Dysentery.

Answer 13

crypts

Question 14

What pathologic finding is seen upon necropsy in Swine Dysentery?

Answer 14

fibrinonecrotic membrane

Question 15

Which type of diarrhea does Swine Dysentery cause?

Answer 15

ALL OF THEM

Question 16

(T/F) Both vaccines and antibiotics are successful in treating Swine Dysentery.

Answer 16

False - vaccines not, antibiotics yes

Question 17

Swine Dysentery is most severe in (old/young) pigs.

Answer 17

young

Question 18

To differentiate a pathogenic strain of Brachyspira causing Swine Dysentery, what would be seen on agar?

Answer 18

beta hemolysis (non-pathogenic is weakly hemolytic)

Question 19

Within the Spirochaetaceae family, what is the oxygen requirement of Borrelia?

Answer 19

microaerophilic

Question 20

How is Borrelia transmitted?

Answer 20

louse/tick bite

Question 21

Borrelia has (1/2) (linear/circular) chromosome(s) and multiple circular and linear plasmids.

Answer 21

1 linear

Question 22

(T/F) Borrelia is a gram-negative bacteria.

Answer 22

False - technically neither (poor staining)

Question 23

Birds, specifically fowl such as geese, are infected by which strain of Borrelia?

Answer 23

Borrelia anserina

Question 24

_______ ticks transmit Borrelia anserina in birds.

Answer 24

lxodes

Question 25

Birds infected with Borrelia have clinical signs such as diarrhea and ________.

Answer 25

acute septicemia

Question 26

Which bacteria causes Lyme disease?

Answer 26

Borrelia

Question 27

List the four strains of Borrelia which cause Lyme Disease.

Answer 27

1. B. burgdorferi 2. B. afzelii 3. B. garinii 4. B. mayonii

Question 28

What is the major carrier for Borrelia burgdorferi (which causes Lyme Disease)?

Answer 28

mice

Question 29

What surface antigen is present on Borrelia burgdorferi, important in Lyme Disease?

Answer 29

Osp

Question 30

Which Osp surface antigens are the major antigens in Borrelia burgdorferi which vaccines target?

Answer 30

OspA, OspB, OspC

Question 31

_____ is expressed in an active infection of Borrelia burgdorferi which differentiates it from vaccinated animals.

Answer 31

IR6

Question 32

(T/F) Borrelia burgdorferi is difficult to culture from animals but easy to culture from ticks.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Match which virulence factor proteins have what function in Borrelia burgdorferi: 1. Antigenic variation 2. Complement evasion 3. Immunosuppression / complement evasion

Answer 33

1. Vls protein 2. Osp protein 3. Tick salivary protein

Question 34

(T/F) Borrelia burgdorferi have siderophores to obtain iron from the host, necessary for survival.

Answer 34

False - NO siderophores, no need for iron

Question 35

During tick feeding, Borrelia burgdorferi (upregulate/downregulate) OspA and OspB while (upregulating/downregulating) OspC.

Answer 35

downregulate upregulate

Question 36

What kind of chronic clinical signs are exhibited in late stage Lyme Disease?

Answer 36

neurological disease renal disease cardiomyopathy

Question 37

(Dogs/cats) develop a more severe Lyme Disease.

Answer 37

dogs

Question 38

(T/F) Lyme Disease is uncommon in cattle, cats, and horses.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

While clinical Lyme Disease is rare in horses, they have a high ________.

Answer 39

seroconversion

Question 40

What bacteria is responsible for Rabbit Syphilis aka Venereal Spirochetosis?

Answer 40

Treponema paraluiscuniculi

Question 41

How is Rabbit Syphilis transmitted?

Answer 41

venereal contact

Question 42

What antibiotic is used to treat Rabbit Syphilis?

Answer 42

penicillin

Question 43

What clinical sign is seen with Treponema paraluiscuniculi infection in rabbits?

Answer 43

mucocutaneous junction crusty lesions