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PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY > BOTANY LAB: MITOSIS > Flashcards

BOTANY LAB: MITOSIS Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

An orderly series of events where cells divide

A

CELL CYCLE

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2
Q

It has two divisions:
1. Interphase
2. Mitosis

A

CELL CYCLE

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3
Q

Process of division that produces two daughter cells with identical chromosomal content of parent cell.

A

MITOSIS

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4
Q
  • A period in which chromosomes are not visible with light microscope
  • The living cells are not dividing
A

INTERPHASE

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5
Q

It has 3 intervals:
1. G1 phase
2. S phase
3. G2 phase

A

INTERPHASE

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6
Q

3 INTERVALS OF INTERPHASE
- Lengthy period after the nucleus divides; RNA and ribosomes are produced, and cells increase in size

A

G1 PHASE (growth or gap one)

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7
Q

3 INTERVALS OF INTERPHASE
- DNA replication takes place

A

S PHSE (synthesis)

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8
Q

3 INTERVALS OF INTERPHASE
- Where mitochondria and other organelles divide; microtubules are produced; coiling and condensation of chromosomes begin

A

G2 PHASE (growth or gap two)

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9
Q
  • Where one cell divides into two and each of the two cells to produce two or more daughter cells
  • The daughter cells have the exact number

Location: Meristem (found in roots and stem tips)

A

MITOSIS

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10
Q

Normally comes with mitosis; division of the remainder of the cells

A

CYTOKINESIS

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11
Q

STAGES OF MITOSIS
- The first and longest stage of mitosis

A

PROPHASE

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12
Q

STAGES OF MITOSIS

THE MAIN FEATURE OF THIS STAGE
- 2 chromosomes become shorter and thicker; 2 strands are apparent (CHROMATIDS)
- Nuclear envelop dissociated; nucleolus disintegrates

A

PROPHASE

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13
Q

STAGES OF MITOSIS
A band formed from microtubules and microfilaments inside the plasma membrane

A

PRE-PROPHASE

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14
Q

Holds each pair of chromatids together (short, thick, and rod like)

A

CENTROMERES

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15
Q

A dense region composed of protein complex found on the outer surface of each centromere

A

KINETOCHORE

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16
Q

Help distinguish certain chromosomes from others in a nucleus; knob like appearance

A

SATELLITE

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17
Q

Developed extend in arcs between two invisible poles located towards the end of the cell

A

SPINDLE FIBERS

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18
Q

Keg-shaped structure; Found on fungi and algae and animal cells located outside the nucleus with radiating asters (Starlike rays)

A

CENTRIOLES

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19
Q

STAGES OF MITOSIS

THE MAIN FEATURE OF THIS STAGE
- Alignment of the chromosomes in the circle midway between the 2 poles around the spindle and in the same plane as the Pre-prophase band

A

METAPHASE

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20
Q

STAGES OF MITOSIS

THE MAIN FEATURE OF THIS STAGE
- Chromosomes become aligned; centromere are in the center of the cell

21
Q

STAGES OF MITOSIS

THE MAIN FEATURE OF THIS STAGE
- Equator an invisible circular plate (similar to earths equator)

22
Q

STAGES OF MITOSIS
- Chromosomes condense and become visible
- Spindle fibers emerge from the chromosomes
- Nuclear envelope breaks down
- Centrosomes move toward opposite poles

23
Q

STAGES OF MITOSIS
- Chromosomes continue to condense
- Kinetochores appear at the centromeres
- Mitotic spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores

24
Q

STAGES OF MITOSIS
- Chromosomes are lined up at the met a phase plate
- Each sister chromatic is attached to a spindle fiber originating from opposite poles

25
STAGES OF MITOSIS - Centromere split in two - Sister chromatids (now called chromosomes are pulled toward opposite poles) - Certain spindle fibers begin to elongate the cell
ANAPHASE
26
STAGES OF MITOSIS - Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondense - Nuclear envelope material surrounds each set of chromosomes - The mitotic spindle breaks down - Spindle fibers continue to push poles apart
TELOPHASE
27
STAGES OF MITOSIS - The shortest phase
ANAPHASE
28
STAGES OF MITOSIS - Sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and move to opposite poles which are now the daughter chromosomes - Movement may be due to shortening of spindle fibers
ANAPHASE
29
STAGES OF MITOSIS THE MAIN FEATURE OF THIS STAGE - Each group of daughter chromosomes are surrounded by a reformed nuclear envelop - Daughter chromosomes become longer and thinner - Nucleoli reappear - Spindle 2 fibers disintegrate - Cell plates are formed
TELOPHASE
30
STAGES OF MITOSIS - Shorter keg-shaped fibrils (microfibrils) develop in the equator between the daughter nuclei called PHRAGMOPLAST
TELOPHASE
31
A hollow structure of dictyosome derived vesicle fused together
CELL PLATE
32
Shared by two daughters cells
MIDDLE LAMELLA
33
Minute strands of protoplasm that extend via tiny desmotubules through the walls between cells
PLASMODESMATA
34
The division of cytoplasm to form two new cells, overlaps with the final stages
CYTOKINESIS
35
Cell plate forms down the middle of the cell, splitting it into two daughter cells separated by a new wall
CYTOKINESIS
36
The form of cell division in which a cell divides into four daughter cells each of which has half of the number of chromosomes of the original cells
MEIOSIS
37
- The cells return to having the normal (called ‘diploid’) number of chromosomes after fertilization of the ova by the sperm - It occurs prior to the formation of sperm (in males) and ova (in females)
MEIOSIS
38
STAGES OF MEIOSIS
- Prophase I - Metaphase I - Anaphase I - Telophase I - Prophase II - Metaphase II - Anaphase II - Telophase II
39
STAGES OF MEIOSIS - The chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope breaks down; crossing over occurs
PROPHASE I
40
STAGES OF MEIOSIS - Pairs of homologous chromosomes move to the equator of the cell
METAPHASE I
41
STAGES OF MEIOSIS - Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell
ANAPHASE I
42
STAGES OF MEIOSIS - Chromosomes gather at the poles of the cells. The cytoplasm divides
TELOPHASE I and CYTOKINESIS
43
STAGES OF MEIOSIS - A new simple forms around the chromosomes
PROPHASE II
44
STAGES OF MEIOSIS - Chromosomes line up at the equator
METAPHASE II
45
STAGES OF MEIOSIS - Centromeres divides; chromatids move ti opposite poles of the cell
ANAPHASE II
46
STAGES OF MEIOSIS - A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes. The cytoplasm divides
TELOPHASE II and CYTOKINESIS
47
Those the make up skin, hair, and muscle are duplicated by mitosis
SOMATIC CELLS
48
Somatic cells are __________ - meaning they have two copies of each chromosomes
DIPLOID
49
Are produced by meiosis in special tissues of male testes and female ovaries
SPERM and OVA

PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY (15 decks)

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