MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Flashcards
(71 cards)
1
Q
What are the main branches of Biology?
A
- Botany
- Zoology
- Microbiology
2
Q
It is the study of Plants
A
BOTANY
3
Q
It is a study of Animals
A
ZOOLOGY
4
Q
It is the study of microorganisms
A
MICROBIOLOGY
5
Q
What are the branches of Botany?
A
- Mycology
- Paleobotany
- Horticulture
- Bryology
- Ethnobotany
- Agronomy
6
Q
What are the branches of Zoology?
A
- Entomology
- Ichthyology
- Ornithology
- Herpetology
- Anatomy
- Physiology
7
Q
What are the branches of Microbiology?
A
- Bacteriology
- Mycology
- Protoxoology
- Phycology
- Nematology
- Immunology
8
Q
Focuses on the systematic and scientific study of plants.
A
BOTANY
9
Q
Study of Insects
A
ENTOMOLOGY
10
Q
Study of fish
A
ICHTHYOLOGY
11
Q
Study of Birds
A
ORNITHOLOGY
12
Q
Study of Amphibians
A
HERPETOLOGY
13
Q
Study of Living organisms
A
ANATOMY
14
Q
Study of the normal functions of living organisms
A
PHYSIOLOGY
15
Q
Study of diseases
A
PATHOLOGY
16
Q
Study of Fungi
A
MYCOLOGY
17
Q
Study of plants fossils
A
PALEOBOTANY
18
Q
Study of cultivation of plants
A
HORTICULTURE
19
Q
Study of Mosses and Liverworts
A
BRYOLOGY
20
Q
Study of Culture and plants/ how people of culture use the plants
A
ETHNOBOTANY
21
Q
STUDY OF CROPS
A
AGRONOMY
22
Q
Study of Bacteria
A
BACTERIOLOGY
23
Q
Study of Protozoa
A
PROTOZOOLOGY
24
Q
Study of Algae
A
PHYCOLOGY
25
Study of Worms
NEMATOLOGY
26
Stufy of Immune System
IMMUNOLOGY
27
He discovered accidentally that gases play a role in photosynthesis, by putting a candle in
a glass jar with a plant and in ten days the candle was able to combust. A gas (oxygen) must be released by the plant that supports combustion.
JOSEPH PRIESTLEY
28
Hooke is best known today for his identification of the cellular structure of plants. "Micrographia: or some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies" made by published in 1665.
ROBERT HOOKE
29
Discovered cells in living plant tissue used microscope observation to discover plant tissues.
ROBERT HOOKE
30
Considered to be the founders of the study of plant anatomy, for they examined in detail the structure and development of many plants.
Marcello Malpighi and Nehemiah Grew
31
Discovered various tissues in stems and roots.
MARCELO MALPIGHI
32
Described the structure of wood.
NEHEMIAH GREW
33
A Flemish physician and chemist, who was the first to demonstrate that plants do not have the same nutritional needs as animals. Plants absorb water as a result of what we now know as photosynthetic activity.
J.B. VAN HELMONT
34
The Swedish botanist, owed for the present system of naming and classifying plants and animals by using generic name (genus) and a specific name (species).
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
35
In 1735 he published The System of Nature (Systema Naturae) that organized all plants and animals from the level of kingdoms all the way down to species. In 1753 publication, The Genera of plants and Species Plantarum, marked the initial use of the nomenclature for all flowering plants and ferns.
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
36
German scientist, coined the word “ecology”.
ERNST HAECKEL
37
US botanist, in 1895 he coined the term "ethnobotany".
JOHN WILLIAM HARSHBERGER
38
A Greek scholar, published 5 volumes of a book entitled “De Materia Medica” in 78 AD, which described more than 600 medicinal plants with their collection, storage and uses. To name few of his contributions; he identified aloe, belladonna, colchicum, ergot, hyoscyamus, and opium.
PEDANIUS DIOSCORIDES
39
Graeco-Roman medical doctor who summarized the complex body of Graeco-Roman pharmacy and medicine, and his name survived in the pharmaceutical term ‘galenical'.
CLAUDIUS GALEN
40
The earliest treatise of Chinese medicine theory classical sources on Chinese traditional medicine including 365 drugs, most of botanical origin. He is believed to have introduced the technique of acupuncture.
SHEN NONG BEN CAO JING
41
The Yellow Emperor - regarded as the founder of Chinese civilization. His Classic of Internal Medicine is important in understanding the basic ideas of traditional Chinese herbal science, acupuncture, moxibustion Yin and Yang, the Five Phases of Evolutive Change, and Meridian theory.
HUANG DI
42
German toxicologist first to study psychoactive plants systematically. 1924 appeared his book “Phantastica “ Lewin's most enduring task was to create a system of classification of psychoactive drugs and plants based on their action.
LOUIS LEWIN
43
Referred to as the "father of phytogeography". He advocated a quantitative approach to phytogeography that has characterized modern plant geography.
ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT
44
Performed classic experiments with pea plants.
GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL
45
FATHER OF TAXONOMY
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
46
Study of plant cell and tissues
PLANT ANATOMY
47
The study of plant form and function.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
48
The study that identifies, describes, names and classifies plants.
PLANT TAXONOMY
49
The science of developing methods for grouping organisms.
PLANT SYSTEMATICS
50
Study of the interaction of plants with one another and with their environment.
PLANT ECOLOGY
51
Study of the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth’s surface.
PLANT GEOGRAPHY
52
The study of heredity
GENETICS
53
Study of genes and their functions, and related techniques
GENOMICS
54
The adjustment or changes in behavior,
physiology, and structure of an organism to
become more suited to an environment.
ADAPTATION
55
It is derived from Latin word “adaptare ”
which means “to fit”.
ADAPTATION
56
Process by which organisms adapt to their
environment OVER TIME, is the genetic
change in a population of organisms from
generation to generation.
EVOLUTION
57
Characteristics that enable an organism to better survive certain environment.
ADAPTATION
58
Derived from Greek pharmakon, ‘remedy’,
and gignosco, ‘knowledge’
PHARMACOGNOSY
59
The science of biogenic or nature-derived
pharmaceuticals and poisons.
PHARMACOGNOSY
60
Types of drugs derived from plants:
▪ Herbal drugs derived from specific parts of a
medicinal plant
▪ Natural products or compounds isolated from nature
▪ Nutraceuticals or ‘functional foods’
61
Nutraceuticals or ‘Functional foods’
Garlic, ginger, turmeric and many other herbs and spices
62
Flavonoid-containing plants such as bilberries, cocoa and red wine
ANTHOCYANIN
63
Containing plants such as tomatoes, carrots and many other vegetables.
CAROTENOID
64
Studies the structure, evolution and development
MORPHOLOGY
65
Proposed the theory of Natural selection
CHARLES DARWIN
66
Studies the structure and function of important biological molecule (proteins and nucleic acids)
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
67
Study the chemical interactions within plants
PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY
68
Studies the structure, function and life processes of plants
PLANT CELL BIOLOGY
69
Study of interrelationship among plants and their environment
PLANT ECOLOGY
70
Commercial importance
ECONOMIC BOTANY
71
DKPCOFGS
1. DOMAIN
2. KINGDOM
3. PHYLUM
4. CLASS
5. ORDER
6. FAMILY
7. GENUS
8. SPECIES
