BOTANY LAB: ROOTS

Question 1

Axis of a plant body is composed of two parts

Answer 1

AERIAL PORTION and SUBTERRANEAN PORTION

Question 2

AXIS OF A PLANT BODY
- Stem

Answer 2

AERIAL PORTION

Question 3

AXIS OF A PLANT BODY
- Roots

Answer 3

SUBTERRANEAN PORTION

Question 4

Three types of Appendages arising from the axis

Answer 4

LEAVES, EMERGENCES, HAIRS

Question 5

THREE TYPES OF APPENDAGES
- Found to be arranged on the stem in a definite manner and bear an intimate structural elation to the skeleton of the axis.

The leaf is the lateral expansion of the stem

Answer 5

LEAVES

Question 6

THREE TYPES OF APPENDAGES
- Second rank appendages. These are found at the outermost layers of the stem usually present as the cortex and epidermis

Answer 6

EMERGENCES

Question 7

THREE TYPES OF APPENDAGES
- Third rank of appendages are projections of the outermost layer of the cells

Answer 7

HAIRS

Question 8

It occurs both on Axis and Leaves, usually without definite arrangement

Answer 8

EMERGENCES and HAIR

Question 9

The plant body of a vascular plant is composed of three systems of tissues

Answer 9

DERMAL, VASCULAR, FUNDAMENTAL or GROUND SYSTEM

Question 10

These are distinguished by the relative distribution of the vascular and ground tissues

Answer 10

STEM, ROOT, LEAF

Question 11

Found between the epidermis and the center of the axis

Answer 11

VASCULAR SYSTEM (stem)

Question 12

Consists of photosynthetic parenchyma cells known as Mesophyll

Answer 12

GROUND TISSUE

Question 13

Commonly being arranged in the form of ring bundles as seen in transverse section of stem

Answer 13

PRIMARY VASCULAR

Question 14

May be absent in monocot roots

Answer 14

PITH

Question 15

In the root, it generally shed during the secondary

Answer 15

CORTEX

Question 16

The original primary vascular system may be obscured by secondary vascular tissues between the primary xylem and the primary phloem

Answer 16

SECONDARY GROWTH

Question 17

Function:
- Anchorage of the plant in the soil
- Absorption of water and minerals
- Conduction of water and minerals upward to the stem
- Reproduction in the form of plant propagation
- Storage of food

Answer 17

ROOTS

Question 18

TWO MAIN TYPES OF ROOT SYSTEMS

Answer 18

FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM (monocot plants), TAP ROOT SYSTEM (dicot plants)

Question 19

TWO MAIN TYPES OF ROOT SYSTEMS
- Grows straight down with a few side branches

Answer 19

TAP ROOT SYSTEM

Question 20

TWO MAIN TYPES OF ROOT SYSTEMS
- Grows more shallow ‘hairy’; many fine-branching roots

Answer 20

FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM

Question 21

4 REGIONS OF TYPICAL ROOT

Answer 21

ROOT CAP, MERISTEMATIC REGION (region of cell division), REGION OF ELONGATION, REGION OF MATURATION

Question 22

4 REGIONS OF TYPICAL ROOT
- Thimble-shaped cell mass that protects the growing root tip by covering the apex of the root.

Answer 22

ROOT CAP

Question 23

4 REGIONS OF TYPICAL ROOT
- The location of cell division

Answer 23

MERISTEMATIC REGION (region of cell division)

Question 24

4 REGIONS OF TYPICAL ROOT
- Area of root lengthening. The cell produced from the meristematic region grow in the elongation region

Answer 24

REGION OF ELONGATION

Question 25

4 REGIONS OF TYPICAL ROOT - Where the cells that grew in the elongation region fully develop and become adult cells

Answer 25

REGION OF MATURATION

Question 26

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT

Answer 26

PRIMARY ROOT, SECONDARY ROOT, TERTIARY ROOT

Question 27

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT - First root of a plant, originating in the embryo

Answer 27

PRIMARY ROOT

Question 28

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT - Produced on the primary root

Answer 28

SECONDARY ROOT

Question 29

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT - Grow in various directions and help in fixing the plant firmly into the soil

Answer 29

TERTIARY ROOTS

Question 30

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT

Answer 30

EPIDERMIS, CORTEX, ENDODERMIS, VASCULAR CYLINDER

Question 31

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT - The outermost layer that absorbs water and dissolved material from the soil and protects the inner tissue of the root

Answer 31

EPIDERMIS

Question 32

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT - Found inside the epidermis, which is composed of parenchyma cells with large intercellular spaces, secretory cells, resin ducts, and endodermis

Answer 32

CORTEX

Question 33

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT - The innermost cell layer that regulates ion movement into the xylem. The Casparian strip embedded in the cell wall inhibits mineral movement through the wall

Answer 33

ENDODERMIS

Question 34

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT - The innermost layer with the xylem and phloem cells for the conduction of materials, parenchyma cells for food storage and support of the other tissues

Answer 34

VASCULAR CYLINDER

Question 35

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT Pericycle - It gives rise to lateral roots, cambium, and the part of the vascular cambium

Answer 35

DICOT

Question 36

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT Pericycle - Produces the lateral roots

Answer 36

MONOCOT

Question 37

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT Xylem & Phloem - Limited in numbers

Answer 37

DICOT

Question 38

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT Xylem & Phloem - Numerous in numbers

Answer 38

MONOCOT

Question 39

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT Pith - Absent

Answer 39

DICOT

Question 40

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT Pith - Present (large and well developed)

Answer 40

MONOCOT

Question 41

Occurs in the dicot root while it is absent in monocot root.

Answer 41

SECONDARY GROWTH

Question 42

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS

Answer 42

ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS, AERIAL ROOTS, PROP ROOTS, PNEUMATOPHORES, PARASITIC ROOTS, STORAGE ROOTS, BUTTRESS ROOTS

Question 43

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS - Arise along stem or locations other than base of plant

Answer 43

ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS

Question 44

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS - Roots that extend out unto the air, unconnected to the ground

Answer 44

AERIAL ROOTS

Question 45

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS - Located on the lower part of the stem of some monocots like corn, grow down into ground, anchor against wind

Answer 45

PROP ROOTS

Question 46

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS - Spongy outgrowths from the underwater roots, may extend above water, increase oxygen supply to roots

Answer 46

PNEUMATOPHORES

Question 47

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS - Penetrate host plants to parsitize them

Answer 47

PARASITIC ROOTS

Question 48

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS - Branch roots of plants like sweet potatoes produce extra parenchyma cells for carbohydrate storage

Answer 48

STORAGE ROOTS

Question 49

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS - Produced by certain varieties of fig and tropical trees for support

Answer 49

BUTTRESS ROOT

Question 50

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS - Plants that grow in arid regions are known for growing structures used to retain water and used these water supply when the supply in the soil is inadequate

Answer 50

WATER-STORAGE ROOTS

Question 51

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS - Produces adventitious buds along the roots that grow near the surface of the ground. The buds develop into aerial stems (suckers). The rooted suckers can be separated from the original root and grow individually.

Answer 51

PROPAGATIVE ROOTS

Question 52

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS - Continually pull the plants deeper into the soil as the stem elongates

Answer 52

CONTRACTILE ROOTS

Question 53

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS - A mutualistic association with plant roots

Answer 53

MYCORRHIZAE