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PMU Anatomy > Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

RTDCB

A

Rugby - Roots

Teams - Trunks

Don’t - Divisions

Cover - Cords

Bruises - Branches

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2
Q

Mnemonic for Branches of the Lateral Cord

A

Rugby players are

Long - lateral pectoral nerve

Legged - lateral root of median nerve

Movers - musculocutaneous nerve

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3
Q

Mnemonic for Branches of median cord

A

Make - Medial brachial cutaneous nerve

Many - Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

Moves - Medial pectoral nerve

Using - Ulnar nerve

Muscles - Middle root of median nerve

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4
Q

Mnemonic for the branches of the posterior cord

A

ULTRA-competitive

U - Upper subscapular nerve

L - Lower subscapular nerve

T - Thoracodorsal nerve

R - Radial nerve

A - Axillary nerve

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5
Q

What is the BP part of?

A

PNS

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6
Q

Where does the BP begin?

A
  • the brachial plexus begins in the neck between the anterior and middle scalene muscles
  • It passes through the axilla or the armpit and courses through the arm to innervate the muscles, joints, and skin of the upper limb.
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7
Q

How are the roots of the plexus formed?

A

by the anterior or ventral rami of the spinal nerves C5 to T1

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8
Q

Where do the roots of the plexus come from?

A
  • A pair of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord
  • spinal nerves pass through intervertebral foramina before dividing into an anterior and posterior ramus
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9
Q

What do the rami arise to?

A

three trunks

  • superior, middle, inferior
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10
Q

What do the trunks give arise to?

A

anterior/posterior divison –> form three cords of the brachial plexus – the lateral cord, the posterior cord, and the medial cord. —> branches of nerves

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11
Q

First root of Plexus

A

The first root arises from the anterior ramus of C5, which emerges above the fifth cervical vertebra.

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12
Q

4th root of plexus

A

since there’s no eighth cervical vertebra, the fourth, root which arises from the anterior ramus of C8 emerges above the first thoracic vertebra

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13
Q

5th root of plexus

A

the fifth root arising from the anterior ramus of T1 emerges below the first thoracic vertebra

  • This transition is particularly important as the spinal nerves go from emerging above their respective vertebra to emerging below them
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14
Q

Where do the trunks of the plexus originate from and where do they go?

A

The three trunks of the brachial plexus originate from the roots, past laterally over the first rib and enter the axilla

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15
Q

First trunk of plexus

A
  • Superior trunk
  • formed by the union of the anterior rami of C5 and C6
  • Two nerves arise from the superior trunk and they are the subclavian nerve and the suprascapular nerve
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16
Q

Middle trunk of plexus

A

originates directly from the anterior ramus of C7

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17
Q

Inferior trunk of plexus

A

composed of two nerves, the anterior rami of C8 and T1.

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18
Q

Divisions of the plexus

A
  • are the bifurcations of the trunks and are the third section of our brachial plexus
  • each of the trunks give off one anterior branch and one posterior branch
  • The three anterior divisions form part of the brachial plexus that ultimately give rise to nerves associated with the anterior compartments of the upper limb
  • whereas the three posterior divisions combine to form parts of the brachial plexus that give rise to nerves associated with the posterior compartments of the upper limb.
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19
Q

Lateral cord of plexus

A

lateral cord is formed by the union of the two anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunk.

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20
Q

What nerves come off of the Lateral cord of the plexus

A

The lateral cord gives rise to a branch known as the lateral pectoral nerve before it continues into the upper limb as the musculocutaneous nerve.

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21
Q

Posterior cord of the plexus

A

The posterior cord is formed by the union of all three posterior divisions

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22
Q

What do the posterior cord of the plexus gives rise to?

A

gives rise to three branches before it terminates as the axillary nerve and the radial nerve – namely, the upper subscapular nerve, the thoracodorsal nerve, and the lower subscapular nerve.

23
Q

Medial cord of plexus

A
  • The medial cord is actually the continuation of the anterior division of the inferior trunk
24
Q

What does the medial cord of the plexus give rise to?

A
  • it gives off three branches before it terminates as the ulnar nerve, and these branches are the medial pectoral nerve, the cutaneous nerve of the arm, and the cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
25
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A
  • the terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
  • And this nerve carries fibers from the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5, C6, and C7.
26
Q

Function of Musculocutaneous Nerve

A

this nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

  • namely the coracobrachialis, the biceps brachii, and the brachialis muscle
  • It later becomes the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm which supplies sensory innervation to the lateral forearm.
27
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve eventually become?

A
  • lateral cutaneous nerve
28
Q

Median Nerve

A
  • this nerve is made up of fibers from the lateral cord and the medial cord of the brachial plexus.
  • The median nerve carries fibers from the anterior rami of C6 to T1
29
Q

Function of Median Nerve - Motor part

A
  • The motor part of the median nerve innervates the flexor muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm (except flexor carpi ulnaris and part flexor digitorum profundus - ulnar nerve)
  • It also supplies innervation to the thenar muscles and lateral two lumbricals in the hand
30
Q

Function of Median nerve - sensory part

A
  • The sensory part of the median nerve gives rise to the palmar cutaneous branch which innervates the lateral part of the palm
  • and the digital cutaneous branch which innervates the lateral three-and-a-half fingers on the palmar surface of the hand.
31
Q

Axillary Nerve

A
  • terminal branch of the posterior cord
  • circumflex nerve
  • carries fibers from the anterior rami of C5 and C6
32
Q

Function of Axillary Nerve

A

. The axillary nerve passes posteriorly around the surgical head of the humerus and provides motor innervation to the deltoid and teres minor muscles

  • In addition, it gives off the superior lateral cutaneous nerve, which provides sensory innervation to the skin overlying the deltoid muscle.
33
Q

What does the axillary nerve eventually turn into?

A
  • it gives off the superior lateral cutaneous nerve, which provides sensory innervation to the skin overlying the deltoid muscle.
34
Q

Radial Nerve

A
  • largest nerve in the upper limb and carries fibers from the anterior rami of C5 to T1
35
Q

Function of Radial nerve

A
  • The radial nerve supplies motor innervation to the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm, namely, the triceps brachii and the anconeus
  • It also innervates the brachioradialis and the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm
  • In addition, it gives off the inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm and the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
36
Q

What does radial nerve eventually turn into?

A
  • gives off the inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm which provides sensory innervation to the skin of the lateral lower arm
  • posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm which provides sensory innervation to the skin of the posterior surface of the arm
37
Q

Ulnar Nerve

A
  • terminal branch of the medial cord, and it carries fibers from the anterior rami of C8 and T1
38
Q

Function of Ulnar Nerve - motor

A

provides motor innervation to the:

  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • the flexor digitorum profundus

(the two medial bellies)

  • the intrinsic muscles of the hand except for the thenar muscles
  • the medial two lumbrical muscles
39
Q

Function of Ulnar Nerve - sensory

A

It also provides sensory innervation to the anterior and posterior surfaces of the medial one-and-a-half fingers and the associated palm area.

40
Q

Nerves arising from Roots

A

Dorsal scapular Nerve & Long Thoracic Nerve

41
Q

Dorsal Scapular nerve

A
  • a branch arising from the C5 root of the brachial plexus,
  • motor innervation to the rhomboid and the levator scapulae muscles which are located in the posterior upper neck and back region
42
Q

Long Thoracic Nerve

A

originates from the anterior rami of C5 to C7

  • The long thoracic nerve passes vertically down the neck through the axillary inlet and supplies motor innervation to the serratus anterior muscle.
43
Q

Nerves arising from Superior Trunk

A

Suprascapular and Subclavian Nerve

44
Q

Suprascapular nerve

A

arises from the superior trunk

  • carries fibers from the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 and C6
  • provides motor innervation to the supraspinatus and the infraspinatus muscles
  • It also supplies sensory innervation to the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint.
45
Q

Subclavian nerve

A
  • the nerve to the subclavius
  • arises from the superior trunk
  • carries fibers from the anterior rami of C5 and C6
  • It provides motor innervation to the subclavius muscle (closely related to clavicle)
46
Q

Nerves arising from cords

A

Lateral cord - Lateral pectoral nerve

Posterior cord - Upper subscapular nerve, Thoracodorsal nerve (middle), Inferior subscapular nerve

Medial Cord - Medial pectoral nerve, medial brachial cutaneous nerve, medial cutaneous nerve,

47
Q

Lateral Pectoral Nerve

A
  • arises from the lateral cord
  • carries fibers from the anterior rami of C5 to C7
  • provides motor innervation to the pectoralis major muscle and partly innervates the pectoralis minor muscle
48
Q

Upper subscapular nerve

A
  • superior subscapular nerve
  • carries fibers from the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 and C6
  • supplies motor innervation to the superior portion of the subscapularis muscle
49
Q

Thoracodorsal Nerve

A
  • middle subscapular nerve
  • arises from the posterior cord and carries fibers from the anterior rami of C6, 7, and 8
  • provides motor innervation to the latissimus dorsi muscle, which is a muscle of the back
50
Q

Lower supscapular nerve

A
  • arising from the posterior cord, carries fibers from the anterior rami of C5 and C6
  • supplies motor innervation to the inferior portion of the subscapularis and the teres major muscle.
51
Q

Medial pectoral nerve

A

arises from the medial cord and carries fibers from the anterior rami of spinal nerves C8 and T1

  • provides motor innervation to the pectoralis minor muscle and partly innervates the pectoralis major muscle.
52
Q

Medial brachial cutaneous nerve

A
  • medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
  • arises from the medial cord and carries fibers from the anterior rami of C8 and T1
  • the nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the medial arm.
53
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

A

originates just distal to the origin of the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm, and this nerve is also known as the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

  • arises from the medial cord and carries fibers from the anterior rami of C8 and T1
  • this nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the medial forearm.

PMU Anatomy (19 decks)

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