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Anatomy & Physiology | 09. > Brain Quiz > Flashcards

Brain Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 Major regions of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebrum - Central Hemisphere
  2. Diencephalon - Within the Cerebrum
  3. Brain Stem -
  4. Cerebellum - Mini Cerebrum, inferior psoterior of the Cerebrum
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2
Q

What is the Cerebrum?

A

The two primary and biggest sides of the brain, making a boxing glove shape when looking forward. It has a deep grove running down the middle to separate, and a wrinkled appearance, consisting of many peaks and valleys

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3
Q

What are Gyri?

A

Plural of Gyrus, elevated parts of the brain, composed of gray matter and surrounded by Sulcus (remember, Gyri are peaks, Sulci/Fissures are valleys)

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4
Q

What are Fissures?

A

Also known as “deep sulci,” these are deep “V” shaped grooves within the brain, separating the brain into lobes (remember, Fissures are valleys, Gyri are peaks)

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5
Q

What are Sulci?

A

Plural for Sulcus, shallow “U” shaped grooves within the brain, being more abundant than Fissures and surrounding Gyri (remember, Sulci are valleys, Gyri are peaks)

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6
Q

What are the two primary Sulci/Fissures?

A
  • Central Sulcus - Also known as the primary Sulcus, divides the Frontal and Parietal lobes
  • Longitudinal Fissure - Divides the Cerebrum into left and right hemispheres
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7
Q

What are the 4 brain lobes and what do they control?

A

A. Occipital Lobe - Visual control area

B. Temporal Lobe - Auditory control area, above the ears

C. - Frontal Lobe - Motor control area, conscious movement of skeletal muscles
* Broca’s Area - Speech
control area found on
one hemisphere

D. Parietal Lobe - Somatic sensory area, receiving stimuli notifications from skin receptors/proprioceptors

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8
Q

What are additional parts of the Cerebrum to know?

A
  • General Speech Area - Found at junction of the lobes and allows sounding words
  • Gray Matter - Neuron cell bodies (surface of brain ridges)
  • White Matter - Nerve fiber tracts deep in Cerebral Hemisphere (within/body of brain ridges)
  • Cortex (Gray/White matter) - Where neurons are found
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9
Q

What is the Diencephalon

A

Also known as the Interbrain, the Diencephalon is superficial to the Cerebellum and directly superior and connected to the brain stem

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10
Q

What are the parts of the Diencephalon?

A

A. Thalamus - Relay station for sensory impulses

B. Hypothalamus - Regulates body temp. and metabolism (everything instinctual and necessary to survive)

C. Epithalamus - Creates and forms Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

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11
Q

What is the Brain Stem?

A

The part of the Spinal Cord directly connected to the brain, containing the Mid-Brain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata

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12
Q

What are the roles of the Brain Stem?

A
  • Acts as a pathway for nerve tracts
  • Acts as the control center for all autonomic reflexes (necessary for life)
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13
Q

What is the Cerebellum?

A

The exterior visible part of the brain located directly posterior and inferior to the Cerebrum and posterior the brain stem

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14
Q

What are some functions of the Cerebellum?

A
  • Coordinates general movement
  • Coordinates Skeletal muscle contractions
  • Controls balance and equilibrium
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15
Q

What are the various protectors of the CNS?

A
  • Skin and Scalp
  • Skull and Vertebral Column
  • Meninges (Dura, Arachnoid, and Pia Mater)
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Blood-brain barrier
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16
Q

What are the Meninges?

A

The three “Maters”

  • Dura Mater - “Hard Mother”, tough outermost layer, enclosing the brain and spinal cord
  • Arachnoid Mater - Thin, middle layer of the CNS with web-like extensions
  • Pia Mater - “Gentle Mother”, most internal layer of the Meninges, clinging to and holding the brain intact
17
Q

What is Cerebrospinal Fluid?

A

Being formed by the Choroid Plexus and the Cerebral Ventricles, CSF forms a watery cushion to protect the brain, and is circulated in the Arachnoid space

18
Q

What is the Blood-brain barrier?

A

A system in which harmful chemicals are kept away from the brain using fluid protection in the form of blood

19
Q

Where is the Precentral Gyrus located?

A

Posterior to the Frontal Lobe and directly Anterior to the Central Sulcus (the Central Sulcus borders the Postcentral Gyrus from it)

20
Q

Where is the Postcentral Gyrus located?

A

Anterior to the Parietal Lobe and directly Posterior to the Central Sulcus (the Central Sulcus borders the Precentral Gyrus from it)

21
Q

What is the Brain Stem made up of, and where are it’s parts located?

A
  • Pons - Weird ball-shaped object closest to the underside of the brain
  • Medulla - Directly inferior to the Pons, beginning the spinal cord

Anatomy & Physiology | 09. (23 decks)

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