Skeletal System Unit Test

Question 1

What is the frontal bone and where is it located? (1)

Answer 1

(CRANIAL BONE) An unpaired bone that helps form the anterior (front) and superior (up) portions of the cranium. It is located at the front of the cranium and connects with the ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, and parietal bones.

Question 2

What are the parietal bones and where are they located? (2)

Answer 2

(CRANIAL BONE) Bones forming the side and top of the cranium. These two bones are connected to the frontal, occipital, temporal, and sphenoid bones.

Question 3

What are the temporal bones and where are they located? (2)

Answer 3

(CRANIAL BONE) Two major bones of the cranium, helping form the sides and base of the skull. They protect the temples in your head and surround the ear canal. They connect to the mandible, sphenoid, frontal, parietal, and occipital bones.

Question 4

What is the occipital bone and where is it located? (1)

Answer 4

(CRANIAL BONE) The most posterior (back) cranial bone, providing protection and broad surface for muscle attachment. It is at the very back of the skull and connects to the temporal and pariatal bones.

Question 5

What is the ethmoid bone and where is it located? (1)

Answer 5

(CRANIAL BONE) An unpaired cranial bone that is a significant part of the upper nasal cavity and nasal septum. It is in the nasal cavity and is connected to the frontal and sphenoid bones.

Question 6

What is the sphenoid bone and where is it located? (1)

Answer 6

(CRANIAL BONE) A bone that helps form the base and lateral sides of the cranium, located near the temples. It connects with the frontal, parietal, ethmoid, occipital, and temporal bones.

Question 7

What is the maxilla and where are they located? (2)

Answer 7

(FACIAL BONE) Left and right halves of bones that form the upper jaw, being directly above the mandible. It connects to the zygomatic and palatine bones.

Question 8

What are the palatine bones and where are they located? (2)

Answer 8

(FACIAL BONE) Small, delicate L-shaped bones that form the rear of the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity. They are connected to the maxillae and sphenoid bones.

Question 9

What are the zygomatic bones and where are they located? (2)

Answer 9

(FACIAL BONE) Also known as cheekbones, these bones are diamond-shaped and stay directly below and lateral to the eye socket. They connect to the mandible.

Question 10

What are the lacrimal bones and where are they located? (2)

Answer 10

(FACIAL BONE) Bones the size of fingernails, located directly behind the eye socket. They secrete tears to lubricate the eyes, and are connected to the maxilla and inferior nasal concha.

Question 11

What are the nasal bones and where are they located? (2)

Answer 11

(FACIAL BONES) Small, symmetrical, elongated bones, each having two surfaces and four borders. They are positioned in the midface, and form the bridge of the nose. They also connect to the maxilla.

Question 12

What are the inferior nasal conche and where are they located? (2)

Answer 12

(FACIAL BONES) A pair of facial bones, helping to control airflow direction, filter, heat, and humidify air inhaled through the nose within the nasal cavity. They both extend laterally (sides), articulating with the medial walls of the maxillae and palatines.

Question 13

What is the vomer and where is it located? (1)

Answer 13

(FACIAL BONE) A small, thin, plow shaped bone positioned in the midline of the skull (within the nasal cavity), diving the nasal cavity (into the two nostrils). It also connects with the two maxillae and palatine bones.

Question 14

What is the mandible and where is it located? (1)

Answer 14

(FACIAL BONE) The largest bone in the human skull, also being the only one able to be moved manually. It is also known as the jaw and houses lower teeth, sitting directly under the maxilla and connecting with the temporal bones.

Question 15

What are the true ribs and where are they located? (14)

Answer 15

(BONY THORAX) Seven pairs of ribs that connect directly with the sternum through coastal cartilages, also being the first 14 ribs.

Question 16

What are the false ribs and where are they located? (8)

Answer 16

(BONY THORAX) Four pairs of ribs that connect with the sternum indirectly or not at all. They sit directly below the true ribs.

Question 17

What are the floating ribs and where are they located? (4)

Answer 17

(BONY THORAX) Two pairs of ribs that do not connect with the sternum at all, appearing to be floating, hence their name. They are at the very bottom of the thoracic cage.

Question 18

What are the vertebrae and where is it located? (33)

Answer 18

(BONY THORAX) 33 individual bones that interlock with each other to form the spine. They are separated into five regions; (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx). It is located in the spinal region, being the spine itself.

Question 19

What is the sacrum and where is it located? (5)

Answer 19

(BONY THORAX) Connected to the vertebrae, the sacrum consists of 5 fused vertebral bones, being shield shaped and connecting to the pelvis.

Question 20

What is the coccyx and where is it located? (4)

Answer 20

(BONY THORAX) More commonly referred to as the tailbone, the coccyx is positioned at the very bottom of the vertebra, made up of 3, 4 (most commonly), or 5 fused vertebrae.

Question 21

What is the sternum and where is it located? (3)

Answer 21

(BONY THORAX) Also known as the breastbone, this sternum is a vertical bone, forming the anterior portion of the chest wall, right on the midline. It is also divided into three parts (Manubrium, Body, and Xiphoid process). It also allows the ribs to connect to it, forming the thoracic cage.

Question 22

What is the the manubrium and where is it located? (1)

Answer 22

(BONY THORAX) The thickest and strongest portion of the sternum, located at the most superior portion of it, being shaped like a cross shield.

Question 23

What is the body and where is it located? (1)

Answer 23

(BONY THORAX) The middle and longest portion of the sternum. It sits directly below the manubrium and right above the xiphoid process.

Question 24

What is the xiphoid process and where is it located? (1)

Answer 24

(BONY THORAX) The most inferior portion of the sternum, taking the shape of a small triangle. It starts off as a cartilage and hardens as a person ages.

Question 25

What are costal cartilages and where are they located? (10)

Answer 25

(BONY THORAX) Elastic bars of cartilage connecting the ribs to the sternum, along with prolonging them forward. Their elasticity also assists in respiration.

Question 26

What is the cervical spine and where is it located? (7)

Answer 26

(VERTEBRAL COLUMN) The neck bones of the vertebra, located at the most superior point of it. (More commonly called the neck)

Question 27

What is the thoracic spine and where is it located? (12)

Answer 27

(VERTEBRAL COLUMN) The upper bones of the vertebra, located in the upper/middle region of the spine, positioned between the cervical and lumbar spine.

Question 28

What is the lumbar spine and where is it located? (5)

Answer 28

(VERTEBRAL COLUMN) The lower portion of the vertebra, positioned between the ribs and pelvis, whilst superior to the sacrum and coccyx.

Question 29

What is the hyoid bone and where is it located? (1)

Answer 29

(NO SECTION) A small, U or horseshoe shaped bone, positioned in the midline of the neck and anteriorly at the base of the mandible. It also helps with speech and swallowing. It is the only bone not directly articulated with any other bone

Question 30

What is the coronal suture?

Answer 30

(CRANIAL SUTURE) A row of dense and fibrous connective tissue located between the frontal and parietal cranial bones, connecting them.

Question 31

What is the sagittal suture?

Answer 31

(CRANIAL SUTURE) A row of dense and fibrous connective tissue located between the two parietal bones in the midline, connecting them.

Question 32

What is the Lambdoid Suture?

Answer 32

(CRANIAL SUTURE) A row of dense and fibrous connective tissue located between the parietal and occipital bones, connecting them.

Question 33

What are some characteristics of a fetal skull?

Answer 33

(FETAL SKULL) Two frontal bones (which eventually form together after 8 years), two parietal bones which occupy most of the skull, little to no mandible, sutures separating bones, fontanelles in parts

Question 34

What is the zygomatic process?

Answer 34

(FACIAL PROCESS) A protrusion from the rest of the skull, being mostly due to the zygomatic bones.

Question 35

What is a process in the human skull?

Answer 35

A protrusion/projection/outgrowth of tissue from a larger body (a bone). All processes are named after the bone or part they are owed to.

Question 36

What is the Cancellous (Spongy) Bone in a long bone and where is it located?

Answer 36

As the name suggests, bone interior bone with a spongy appearance, surrounded with exterior compact bone. It is usually found at the ends of the bone (Epiphysis), with tiny spots all over it.

Question 37

What is the Epiphysis in a long bone and where is it located?

Answer 37

This part simply refers to the two ends of a long bone, with the Diaphysis being between them both.

Question 38

What is the Diaphysis in a long bone and where is it located?

Answer 38

This part simply refers to the central area part of the long bone, with the Epiphysis being the two ends at the end.

Question 39

What is Articular Cartilage in a long bone and where is it located?

Answer 39

A thin layer of cartilage known to be slippery, smooth, and very hard. It's the white stuff at the end of chicken bones, and makes an incline on a bone model, or can be represented as a very thin line near the spongy bone.

Question 40

What is Periosteum in a long bone and where is it located?

Answer 40

The most exterior part of the bone, covering all parts of the bone except for articular cartilage

Question 41

What is Compact Bone in a long bone and where is it located?

Answer 41

Located in the Diaphysis and found under the Periosteum, this bone is very dense and covers the entire Diaphysis

Question 42

What is the Medullary Cavity in a long bone and where is it located?

Answer 42

Being the cavity of the Diaphysis, this part holds red marrow which grows to yellow as it ages, along with containing the nutrient artery. It is located between the yellow marrow and spongy bone

Question 43

What is Red Marrow in a long bone and where is it located?

Answer 43

This is a spongy consistency of red and white blood cells, infused with and eventually growing into yellow marrow over bone life

Question 44

What is Yellow Bone Marrow in a long bone and where is it located?

Answer 44

Located in the Medullary Cavity and being the attach point for the Nutrient Artery, this marrow is fatty connective tissue that no longer produces blood cells

Question 45

What are the Nutrient Artery/Branches in a long bone and where are they located?

Answer 45

Connected to the Yellow Bone Marrow within the Medullary Cavity, this is the major supplier of oxygen and nutrients to the body of the long bone

Question 46

What is the Epiphyseal Line in a long bone and where is it located?

Answer 46

As the name suggests, this part of a long bone serves as a primary divider between the Epiphysis and Diaphysis, striking right between the Cancellous Bone

Question 47

What are Sharpey's Fibers in a long bone and where are they located?

Answer 47

The stretchy gum looking stuff connecting the Periosteum to the Compact Bone, it looks like when you pull your lower lip down and the little straps attached to the Mandible

Question 48

What is the Clavicle and where are they located? (2, PAIRED)

Answer 48

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON, LONG BONE) Located at the base and front of the neck, these paired bones are also known as the collarbone together. They connect the breastbone to the shoulder blades

Question 49

What is the Scapula and where are they located? (2, PAIRED)

Answer 49

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON, FLAT BONE) Also known as the shoulder blades, these paired bones are located near and connect the Clavicle to the Humerus

Question 50

What is the Humerus and where are they located? (2, PAIRED)

Answer 50

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON, LONG BONE) Also known as the upper arm bone, these paired bones run from the shoulder and Scapula to the elbow, the "Funny Bone" name came from them

Question 51

What is the Ulna and where are they located? (2, PAIRED)

Answer 51

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON, LONG BONE) Being one of the forearm bones, along with the Radius, this bone is located between the elbow and wrist, differing from the Radius through it's skinniness and knob, but connecting through membrane

Question 52

What is the Radius and where are they located? (2, PAIRED)

Answer 52

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON, LONG BONE) Being one of the forearm bones along with the Ulna, this bone is located between the elbow and wrist, differing from the Ulna through it's increased thickness and straightness.

Question 53

What are the Metacarpals and where are they located? (5, PAIRED)

Answer 53

(DIGITAL BONES, LONG BONES) Also known as the "body" and "upper knuckles" of the digital region, these five bones are located in the palm region, connected to the wrist and connecting the Phalanges (fingers)

Question 54

What are the Phalanges and where are they located? (14, PAIRED)

Answer 54

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON/DIGITAL BONES, LONG BONES) Also known as the "head" and actual fingers of the digital region, containing the knuckles, these 14 paired bones are directly connected to the Metacarpals, being the head and most outward portion of the digital region

Question 55

What is the Femur and where is it located? (2, PAIRED)

Answer 55

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON, LONG BONE) Commonly known as the strongest and largest bone in the body, while also being the only one in the thigh (running from hip to knee).

Question 56

What is the Patella and where is it located? (2, PAIRED)

Answer 56

APPENDICULAR SKELETON, FLAT/SESAMOID BONE) More commonly referred to as the kneecap, this bone articulates to and connects the Femur and Tibia, increasing movement ability, just like a leg-knuckle

Question 57

What is the Tibia and where is it located? (2, PAIRED)

Answer 57

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON, LONG BONE) Also known as the shinbone, this bone is the larger counterpart of the two lower leg bones. The top part connects to the kneejoint, and the bottom connects to the ankle joint.

Question 58

What is the Fibula and where is it located? (2, PAIRED)

Answer 58

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON, LONG BONE) Directly lateral to the tibia, this bone is a much smaller and skinner counterpart. It runs from the Tibial Head down to the ankle joint

Question 59

What are Metatarsals and where are they located? (5, PAIRED)

Answer 59

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON, LONG BONES) These bones are the "body" of the feet, these five bones are located in region directly below the actual toes, connected to the base near the ankle and connecting to the Phalanges (toes, or fingers in the digital region)

Question 60

What are the Coxal Bones and where are they located? (2, PAIRED)

Answer 60

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON/PELVIC BONES, IRREGULAR BONES) Also known as the Hip Bones, these flattened irregular bones are constructed of 3 fused parts, both connecting to the Sacrum to form the Pelvic Region

Question 61

What is the Ilium and where is it located? (2, PAIRED)

Answer 61

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON/PELVIC BONE, IRREGULAR BONE) Acting as the weight bearing portion of the Coxal bone, this bone is directly connected to the Sacrum and greatly helps in weight bearing. It is also considered the upper hip

Question 62

What is the Pubis and where is it located? (2, PAIRED)

Answer 62

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON/PELVIC BONE, IRREGULAR BONE) Located directly under the Ilium and closer to the Sacrum than the Ischium, this bone focuses on protecting organs within it's area (intestines, bladder, internal reproductive organs)

Question 63

What is the Ischium and where is it located? (2, PAIRED)

Answer 63

(APPENDICULAR SKELETON/PELVIC BONE, IRREGULAR BONE) Located directly under the Ilium and next to and to the back of but more exterior to the Pubis, this bone focuses on helping in forming the lower and back parts of the Coxal Bone.

Question 64

How does the Skeletal System support the human body? (One of the 5 main functions)

Answer 64

The skeletal system supports the human body through giving it shape, allowing movement, giving muscles a surface to latch onto, and provides protection and storage for interior organs

Question 65

How does the Skeletal System protect the human body? (One of the 5 main functions)

Answer 65

The skeletal system provides bodily protection through it's bones, many skeletal bones protect organs, such as the cranium protecting the brain, the ribs protecting respiratory organs, and the backbone protecting the spine.

Question 66

How does the Skeletal System allow movement of the human body? (One of the 5 main functions)

Answer 66

The skeletal system helps greatly in allowing movement of the body through it's bones allowing various muscles to latch on and control bodily movements through the brain

Question 67

How does the Skeletal System store minerals and fats in the human body? (One of the 5 main functions)

Answer 67

The skeletal system is a key storage unit for minerals and fats of organisms due to it's hollow bones having plenty of space for yellow bone marrow which is the key point for storing fats and minerals

Question 68

How does the Skeletal System form blood cells in the human body? (One of the 5 main functions)

Answer 68

The skeletal system is a powerhouse for blood cell formation. This is due to the immense red bone marrow within the bones, forming blood cells nonstop until they age and turn to yellow bone marrow.

Question 69

What are the 5 main functions of the Skeletal System?

Answer 69

1. Supporting the body 2. Protecting the body 3. Allowing movement 4. Storing minerals and fats 5. Forming blood cells

Question 70

What are the Classifications of movement in the Skeletal System?

Answer 70

a. Synarthroses - No Movement b. Amphiarthroses - Little Movement c. Diarthroses - Freely Moveable (JOINTS ONLY)

Question 71

What bones are examples of Synarthroses?

Answer 71

Immovable bones (under normal circumstances) such as bones of the Cranium and face (excluding the Mandible) are examples of Synarthrosis bones

Question 72

What bones are examples of Amphiarthroses?

Answer 72

Slightly movable bones (usually not voluntarily) such as the Thoracic Cage (ribs) and Vertebrae are examples of Synarthrosis bones, the ribs especially due to their coastal cartilage which helps in shock absorption

Question 73

What joints are examples of Diarthroses?

Answer 73

Freely movable joints (usually voluntarily) such as the Elbow joint, Knee joint, and other Synovial joints are examples of Diarthrosis joints.

Question 74

What are the Classifications of structure in the Skeletal System?

Answer 74

a. Fibrous - Bone connections made through strong fibrous connective tissue b. Cartilaginous - Bone connections made through Cartilaginous tissue (Cartilage) c. Synovial - Bone connections made through the presence of an articular capsule between them

Question 75

What are the different types of Skeletal Joints? (6)

Answer 75

a. Ball and Socket Joint b. Saddle Joint c. Hinge Joint d. Condyloid Joint e. Pivot Joint f. Gliding Joint

Question 76

What is a Ball and Socket Joint along with an example?

Answer 76

A joint type with a rounded end of a bone within a rounded depression of another bone, an example of this is the shoulder joint (Humerus and Scapula)

Question 77

What is a Hinge Joint along with an example?

Answer 77

A joint type which primarily allows one point of movement, just like a door, with an example being the elbow joint (Humerus and Ulna/Radius)

Question 78

What is a Condyloid Joint along with an example?

Answer 78

A joint type which is essentially a modified Ball and Socket joint, focusing on movement in specific directions, but slightly allowed all around, with an example being the Wrist Joint, along with the Finger Knuckles

Question 79

What is a Pivot Joint along with an example?

Answer 79

A joint type also referred to as a rotary joint, allowing only rotation along a single axis, with an example being the Neck and Head joint, allowing the head to turn along a rotational axis

Question 80

What is a Gliding Joint along with an example?

Answer 80

A joint type also known as a plane joint between two bones with flat or near-flat articulation points, enabling sliding movement over each other, with an example being the Wrist joint

Question 81

What are the different types of Arthritis?

Answer 81

1. Osteoarthritis 2. Rheumatoid Arthritis 3. Gouty Arthritis 4. Childhood Arthritis

Question 82

What is Osteoarthritis?

Answer 82

A type of Arthritis that occurs when the Articular Cartilage in the ends of your bones wears down, causing painful friction between affected bones

Question 83

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Answer 83

A type of Arthritis that is an autoimmune disease, meaning the immune system cells attack body tissue, inflaming joint linings and making affected joint movement difficult and painful

Question 84

What is Gouty Arthritis?

Answer 84

A type of Arthritis also known as Gout that is caused by a buildup a uric acid leading to joint inflammation (also known as Gout), along with uric acid crystals forming near joints, being very painful.

Question 85

What is Childhood Arthritis?

Answer 85

A type of Arthritis only seen in children and young adults between the ages of 6 months to 16 years of age. While the actual cause of this is still unknown, it probably has something to do with a younger immune system not being able to function properly, leading to this

Question 86

What are some basic types of bone fractures?

Answer 86

1. Open Fracture 2. Closed Fracture 3. Partial Fracture 4. Complete Fracture 5. Stable Fracture 6. Displaced Fracture 7. Greenstick Fracture 8. Communited Fracture 9. Spiral Fracture 10. Transverse Fracture 11. Compression Fracture 12. Depressed Fracture 13. Impacted Fracture

Question 87

What is a Compound Fracture?

Answer 87

Also known as an Open Fracture, this is a fracture in which the bone breaks through the skin and can be seen outside of the interior

Question 88

What is a Simple Fracture?

Answer 88

Also known as a Closed Fracture, this is a fracture that does not break the skin

Question 89

What is an Incomplete Fracture?

Answer 89

Also known as a Partial Fracture, this is a fracture that does not/fails to break the bone into two or more pieces

Question 90

What is a Complete Fracture?

Answer 90

This is a fracture that fully breaks the bone into two or more separate pieces

Question 91

What is a Stable Fracture?

Answer 91

This is a fracture that breaks the bone, but with minimal damage (when the ends of the bones still line up)

Question 92

What is a Displaced Fracture?

Answer 92

This is a fracture that occurs when fractured pieces move around so much that a gap is formed around the fracture location when the bone broke

Question 93

What is a Greenstick Fracture?

Answer 93

Exclusively found in young children, this is a fracture that occurs when a bone cracks and bends, rather than breaking into separate pieces

Question 94

What is a Communited Fracture?

Answer 94

This is a fracture that breaks the bone into many (usually small) pieces

Question 95

What is a Spiral Fracture?

Answer 95

This is a fracture that is a result of a break through a twisting motion, creating a fracture line that wraps around the bone

Question 96

What is a Transverse Fracture?

Answer 96

This is a fracture that occurs when the bone is broken perpendicular to its length

Question 97

What is a Compression Fracture?

Answer 97

This is a fracture that occurs in the spine when a piece of vertebrae compresses on itself, breaking or cracking it

Question 98

Why do bones heal so fast?

Answer 98

Bones heal so quickly due to the amount of blood cells they produce, reducing the amount of time it takes to travel towards it, along with increased production

Question 99

What is Ossification?

Answer 99

A fancy word for bone formation/growth, along with replacing old bone and cartilage

Question 100

What is a Depressed Fracture?

Answer 100

This is a fracture found in the cranium that occurs when a "crushed" portion of the skull pushes inwards towards the brain

Question 101

What is an Impacted Fracture?

Answer 101

Also known as a buckle fracture, this is a break where bone ends are driven into each other, often seen in children

Question 102

What is the process of bone repair?

Answer 102

1. Hematoma (a blood-filled swelling) is formed at the fracture point 2. Fibrocartilage is formed within the break to make a Callus (thick layers) 3. Fibrocartilage Callus is replaced by a Bony Callus 4. Bony Callus remodels into a permanent bone patch, like a scar

Question 103

What are the different types of spinal curvature diseases?

Answer 103

a. Scoliosis b. Kyphosis c. Lordosis

Question 104

What is Scoliosis?

Answer 104

A spinal disease that results in a sideways curvature of the spine

Question 105

What is Kyphosis?

Answer 105

A spinal disease that results in an exaggerated forward rounding of the upper back

Question 106

What is Lordosis?

Answer 106

A spinal disease that results in an inward rounded curving of the lower back

Question 107

What is the Membrane between the Ulna and Radius called?

Answer 107

Interosseous Membrane