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REPRO II Exam 1 > Breast Pathology II > Flashcards

Breast Pathology II Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

fibrocystic change

A

exaggerated physio response
-1/3 women age 30-50

stops at menopause

mass, pain, microcalcifications

no increased risk for carcinoma**

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2
Q

usual epithelial hyperplasia

A

like FCC - but >4 cells thick

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3
Q

radial scar

A

complex sclerosing lesion
-central fibroelastic scar with entrapped glands

mimic carcinoma

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4
Q

intraductal papilloma

A

benign epithelial cells on stalk

polyp obstructing lumen

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5
Q

atypical ductal hyperplasia

A

low grade neoplastic
-overlap with DCIS

DCIS - when duct completely filled and lesion is >2mm

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6
Q

atypical lobular hyperplasia

A

proliferation of low grade neoplastic cells in lobule

e-cadherin negative

overlap with LCIS

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7
Q

lobular carcinoma in situ

A

just a risk for DCIS

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8
Q

DCIS

A

needs to be removed

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9
Q

comido necrosis

A

in DCIS

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10
Q

medial breast drainage

A

to thoracic nodes

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11
Q

lateral breast drainage

A

to axillary nodes

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12
Q

stromal breast neoplasms

A

fibroadenoma

phyllodes tumors

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13
Q

difference between ductal and lobular carcinoma of breast

A

different gene expression

e-cadherin

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14
Q

invasion of ductal and lobular carcinoma

A

invasion diagnosed by absence of myoepithelial cells

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15
Q

comedonecrosis

A

with high grade DCIS

squeeze tissue and toothpaste squirts out

prone to dystrophic calcification

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16
Q

microinvasion

A

<2mm in dimension

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17
Q

high grade DCIS

A

microinvasion and comedonecrosis

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18
Q

dyshesive and mucin +

A

LCIS

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19
Q

e-cadherin positive

A

DCIS

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20
Q

eczema/red skin around nipple and areola

A

paget disease
-due to underlying DCIS +/- invasion

infiltration by malignant glandular cells

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21
Q

micropapillary, cribriform, mild atypia

A

low grade DCIS

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22
Q

e-cadherin negative

A

LCIS

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23
Q

upward infiltration of epidermis by glandular neoplastic cells

A

pagetoid

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24
Q

CK7

A

useful in diagnosis of pagets

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25
risk factors for invasive carcinoma of breast
``` estrogen exposure radiation exposure breast density proliferative fibrocystic changes alcohol, obesity, sedentary familial increasing age ```
26
inhibits at G1>S and G2>M to allow DNA repair
GADD45
27
BRCA1
ER negative no precursor lesion basal like tp53 mutations
28
BRCA2
ER positive flat epithelial atypia atypical ductal hyperplasia luminal 16q loss and 1q gain
29
her2 positive cancers
ER positive or negative HER2 enriched
30
p53 action
inhibits neoplastic transformation by: - induces transient cell cycle arrest - induces permanent cell cycle arrest - induces apoptosis
31
genetic testing for breast cancer
family genetic disease early age of onset high risk breast cancer positive family hx
32
li fraumeni syndrome
p53 - with 85-90% increased risk associated cancers - soft tissue, brain, bone, adrenal, leukemia, etc. multiple early onset cancers**
33
BRCA1 and 2
hereditary breast cancer associated - ovarian, male breast, prostate, pancreatic, melanoma
34
cowden syndrome
PTEN
35
peutz jeghers syndrome
STK1
36
peau d'orange
inflammatory carcinoma due to invasion of dermal lymphatics and coopers ligaments
37
invasive ductal carcinoma
50% RUQ stellate mass with gritty hard surface
38
invasive lobular carcinoma
hard to detect - indian filing pattern - e-cadherin negative - spread to mesothelial surfaces and leptomeninges
39
indian filing
invasive lobular carcinoma
40
worst of all breast cancer
inflammatory
41
undifferentiated
so poor original tissue cannot be ID'd aka anaplastic
42
pTis
CIS
43
pT1
tumor <0.1cm
44
pT2
tumor 2cm-5cm
45
pT3
tumor >5cm
46
pT4
tumor any size and spread to chest wall/breast tissue
47
PET scan
or mets utilizes warburg effect should not be restricted by cancer type or testing indication
48
Her2/neu
membrane bound protein that phosphorylates tyrosine and initiates number of signalling pathways and inhibits apoptosis overexpresion in 30% of breast cancer conveys bad prognosis
49
herceptin
to tx her2/neu cancers - better prognosis
50
75% breast ca
ER positive
51
65% breast ca
PR positive
52
tamoxifen
competitive antagonist for ER receptor
53
aromatase inhibitors
inhibit conversion of androgen to estrogen used in post menopausal women
54
patient with high risk of recurrence
given chemotherapy
55
radiation
for local control
56
stage 1 and 2
node negative - tamoxifen node positive - tamoxifen and chemotherapy
57
mammaprint
test for risk of recurrence to assess risk of mets to determine benefit of chemo
58
hormone responsive tx
first line hormone therapy second line third line
59
hormone unresponsive tx
first line chemo second line third line
60
favorable histo
ER and PR positive
61
trastuzumab
tx of her2neu positive
62
post radiation
angiosarcoma
63
lobular stromal breast tumors
phyllodes | fibroadenoma
64
most common b9 breast tumor
fibroadenoma age 20-40yo mass with calcification after involution india rubber balls biphasic
65
most common soft tissue tumor of adulthood
lipoma round, circumscribed, soft, mobile, painless
66
phyllodes tumor
50-60yo palpable mass large, rubbery rounded mass low grade - local recurrence high grade - aggressive local invasion with heme mets
67
gynecomastia
breast in males -hyperestrogen cirrhosis, klinefelter, estrogen producing tumors, meds, marijuana, heroin, exogenous

REPRO II Exam 1 (14 decks)

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