Bull

Question 1

what are the parts of the breeding soundness exam?

Answer 1

general physical exam
reproductive exam
collection and examination of semen

Question 2

do we use a breeding soundness exam to rank bulls for fertility?

Answer 2

no
bar for bull to meet to be satisfactory potential breeder

Question 3

what important things are not part of a standard breeding soundness exam?

Answer 3

libido
mating ability
venereal disease

Question 4

what do you examine for the reproductive tract in a bull?

Answer 4

scrotal circumference
external genitalia
internal genitalia

Question 5

what accessory sex glands do bulls have?

Answer 5

ampulla
seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral gland

Question 6

where is there usually swelling due to broken penis?

Answer 6

underline

Question 7

what do you look at for the scrotum and testes?

Answer 7

mobility in scrotum
resiliency- turgidity
symmetry
size
epididymides
skin lesions

Question 8

what does scrotal circumference correlate with?

Answer 8

sperm production

Question 9

what are some scrotal skin lesions?

Answer 9

scrotal dermatitis
scrotal frostbite

Question 10

what is the minimum recommended scrotal circumference for bulls more than 24 months?

Answer 10

34 cm

Question 11

what should you do on rectal exam if you are going to collect semen via electroejaculation?

Answer 11

palpate and massage glands

Question 12

how can you assess the quality of the semen?

Answer 12

gross appearance
motility
morphology

Question 13

is semen collected by electroejaculation evaluated for volume or concentration?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

what is the normal color of semen?

Answer 14

milky white

Question 15

what is wave motion influenced by?

Answer 15

sperm concentration
velocity
% progressively motile

Question 16

is gross motility used to rate motility?

Answer 16

not anymore

Question 17

what is the minimum threshold for individual motility?

Answer 17

30%

Question 18

how many sperm cells should you count for sperm morphology?

Answer 18

at least 100 sperm cells

Question 19

what is the minimum threshold for morphology?

Answer 19

70% normal spermatozoa

Question 20

how are defects grouped?

Answer 20

where it affects: head, midpiece, or tail

Question 21

how are sperm abnormalities classified?

Answer 21

compensable defects
noncompensable defects

Question 22

what must a satisfactory potential breeder meet or exceed the minimum thresholds for?

Answer 22

scrotal circumference
sperm motility
sperm morphology

Question 23

what makes a bull an unsatisfactory potential breeder?

Answer 23

below one or more thresholds or
has genetic faults or physical problems and is unlikely to every improve status

Question 24

what are the big venereal diseases?

Answer 24

trichomoniasis
campylobacteriosis

Question 25

what is the etiology of trichomoniasis?

Answer 25

Trichomonas foetus

Question 26

what are the signs of trichomoniasis in bulls?

Answer 26

asymptomatic- no lesions

Question 27

which bulls are more prone to infection with trichomoniasis?

Answer 27

more than 4 years old

Question 28

what should you confirm positive culture of trichomoniasis with?

Answer 28

PCR

Question 29

how can trichomoniasis be treated?

Answer 29

no approved effective treatment cull infected bull and replace with known clean bull cows may clear organism after 3 normal cycles

Question 30

what is the vaccine for trichomoniasis?

Answer 30

trich guard vaccine only effective in females

Question 31

what causes campylobacteriosis?

Answer 31

Campylobacter fetus venerealis

Question 32

what is the treatment for campylobacteriosis?

Answer 32

local antibiotic therapy vaccination will cure a large percentage of bulls

Question 33

what percentage of bulls may have unacceptable libido?

Answer 33

10-20%

Question 34

how should young bulls be grouped?

Answer 34

together- social dominance

Question 35

what does the bull to female ratio depend on?

Answer 35

age of bulls length of breeding season pasture/range conditions estrus synchronization programs

Question 36

what are the indications for a breeding soundness examination in a bull?

Answer 36

pre-purchase exam pre-breeding exam post-breeding problem

Question 37

do you need to do a sperm count if the scrotal circumference is good?

Answer 37

no

Question 38

what is the minimum scrotal circumference for a bull between 15 and 18 months?

Answer 38

31 cm

Question 39

what can a yellow color to semen indicate?

Answer 39

urine contamination

Question 40

what should you check for when grossly looking at semen?

Answer 40

hemorrhage inflammatory exudate

Question 41

what is individual motility?

Answer 41

estimate percentage of progressively motile sperm

Question 42

is gross motility or individual motility preferred?

Answer 42

individual motility

Question 43

what does computer assisted sperm analysis look at?

Answer 43

percentage of total motile sperm percentage of progressively motile path velocity

Question 44

what stains can be used for sperm morphology?

Answer 44

eosin nigrosin williams stain giemsa stain

Question 45

how is sperm grouped when examining it for morphology?

Answer 45

percentage: normal head defects midpiece defects principal piece defects

Question 46

what is a compensable defect?

Answer 46

can add more semen to overcome and fertilize some sperm cannot travel well

Question 47

who might benefit from a classification being deferred due to benefiting from being retested?

Answer 47

yearlings with poor morphology heat stress, trauma treatable disease ejaculate could not be obtained

Question 48

how do trichomoniasis and campylobacteriosis present in the cow herd?

Answer 48

early embryonic death increased repeat breeders occasional abortions or postbreeding pyometra low overall percentage of herd pregnant

Question 49

where does Trichomoniasis reside in a bull?

Answer 49

preputial crypts

Question 50

what is the semen quality like with Trichomoniasis?

Answer 50

normal

Question 51

how can you prevent Campylobacteriosis?

Answer 51

vaccinate all cows and bulls: 2 doses 4-6 weeks apart, annual booster biosecurity

Question 52

what bull to female ratio should be used for yearling bulls?

Answer 52

1:15-1:20

Question 53

what bull to female ratio is generally safe?

Answer 53

1:25