Cow Part 3

Question 1

what can you give for small dorsal uterine tears?

Answer 1

oxytocin

Question 2

when does the uterus rapidly decrease in size postpartum?

Answer 2

days 10-14

Question 3

what is the last thing to involute postpartum?

Answer 3

cervix

Question 4

what are the therapy options for puerperal (postpartum) metritis?

Answer 4

ceftiofur or ampicillin
flunixin IV
supportive therapy: oral or IV fluids

Question 5

how can you recognize a pyometra?

Answer 5

pus filled uterus
persistent corpus luteum
cervix closed

Question 6

what usually causes pyometra in cows?

Answer 6

Trueperella pyogenes

Question 7

how can you treat pyometra in a cow?

Answer 7

prostaglandin

Question 8

what should you look for if a cow has endometritis?

Answer 8

predisposing conditions: vulvar conformation, urine pooling, “windsucking”

Question 9

how can we prevent uterine infections?

Answer 9

cleanliness
population density
nutrition
stress reduction

Question 10

what are the causes of early embryonic death?

Answer 10

gross chromosomal abnormalities
heat stress
failure of maternal recognition of pregnancy

Question 11

what is the total normal early embryonic death in cows?

Answer 11

30%

Question 12

what has the greatest impact on herd reproductive efficiency?

Answer 12

days to first service

Question 13

what are the advantages of giving prostaglandin when you palpate a corpus luteum to induce estrus?

Answer 13

focused window for heat detection
shortens cycle

Question 14

how is the monday morning prostaglandin-based program performed?

Answer 14

all “eligible” cows are injected on a “set” day of the week
cows not observed in heat/bred are injected again in 14 days

Question 15

what are some progestogen-based programs?

Answer 15

progesterone CIDRs
melengestrol acetate

Question 16

what is given during ovulation synchronization?

Answer 16

GnRH
PGF
GnRH

Question 17

what is lactational anestrus in beef cattle?

Answer 17

postpartum cyclicity delayed in suckled cows: 40-60 days

Question 18

what is a follicular cyst?

Answer 18

follicular structure >2-2.5cm that fails to ovulate
no corpus luteum present

Question 19

who are follicular cysts more common in?

Answer 19

dairy cows
postpartum period

Question 20

what are the etiologies of follicular cysts?

Answer 20

hereditary?
puerperal stress
increased LH during follicular phase
lack of normal LH surge

Question 21

what are the treatment options for follicular cysts?

Answer 21

GnRH or HCG
GnRH followed by prostaglandin
ovsynch protocol
progesterone (CIDR)

Question 22

what can you give to facilitate manual prolapse in a uterine rupture and hemorrhage?

Answer 22

epinephrine 10 ml

Question 23

what can be felt in the first 3-5 days after birth in thee uterus?

Answer 23

palpable rugae
tone

Question 24

when is there no palpable fluid in postpartum involution?

Answer 24

3 weeks

Question 25

does pyometra usually cause systemic signs?

Answer 25

rarely

Question 26

what can you do to treat endometritis?

Answer 26

recycle with prostaglandin infuse uterus with antibiotics if stubborn recycle and postbreeding antibiotic infusion therapeutic uterine flush

Question 27

how can we use nutrition to prevent uterine infections?

Answer 27

use negative dietary cation-anion difference diet in transition: reduces hypocalcemia postpartum appropriate bunk space

Question 28

what is the fertilization rate?

Answer 28

90%

Question 29

what are the limitations of palpate and shoot prostaglandin-based programs?

Answer 29

accuracy of corpus luteum diagnosis variable time to onset of heat still need good heat detection

Question 30

how is a targeted breeding program performed?

Answer 30

set-up shot 14 days prior to VWP repeat every 14 days until inseminated should result in highest % of cows in heat close to VWP

Question 31

how can you use melengestrol acetate to induce estrus?

Answer 31

feed for 14 days, estrus >48 hours after withdrawal wait until next estrus to breed: reduced fertility at first

Question 32

how long after giving GnRH do you give prostaglandin in ov synch?

Answer 32

7 days

Question 33

what is lactational anestrus influenced by

Answer 33

nutritional status

Question 34

what is the occurrence of follicular cysts?

Answer 34

6-30% more common in dairy cows most often postpartum period

Question 35

how does it work to treat follicular cysts?

Answer 35

expose hypothalamus to progesterone resets system: suppresses luteinizing hormone surges can then respond to estradiol from subsequent dominant follicle resulting in luteinizing hormone surge

Question 36

what can cause deficient breeding with natural service?

Answer 36

unable to serve infertile bull

Question 37

what are the specific infectious causes of infertility?

Answer 37

Campylobacteriosis Trichomoniasis Brucellosis infectious pustular vulvovaginitis BVD, Leptospirosis