CAL: Diagnostic imaging of the respiratory system

Question 1

What lung pattern is this? Differentials for this?

Answer 1

Nodular interstitial (the nodules are clearly marginated and variable in size). Dx = compatible with pulmonary metastasis. (USA - also fungal pneumonia)

Question 2

What is the most likely reason the cardiac silhouette and diaphragm are not clearly visible?

Answer 2

Pleural effusion – increased opacity in the thoracic cavity, fissure lines, lung edges away from the thoracic walls all indicate this is the most likely reason.

Question 3

What condition causes a lucent space between the cardiac silhouette and the sternum?

Answer 3

Pneumothorax – elevation of the cardiac silhouette on the lateral view is a major sign of this condition.

Question 4

What does lucency with lack of vessels and bronchi indicate?

Answer 4

Pneumothorax

Question 5

What are the 3 most common cranial mediastinal tumours in the dog?

Answer 5

Thymoma, Lymphoma/lymphosarcoma and HAS

Question 6

What is a typical finding of pneumomediastinum?

Answer 6

Cranial mediastinal vessels that are clearly visible

Question 7

What does this ultrasound of the thorax suggest?

Answer 7

Pleural effusion – the normal well-aerated lung cannot be seen ultrasonographically due to reflection of the sound at the pleura/lung interface. There is an anechoic area (black) at the location of the lung on both sides of the cranial mediastinum which is consistent with fluid.