CALCIUM

Question 1

[?]most common element

Answer 1

5th

Question 2

[?] of Ca in the human adult is ectracellular

Answer 2

~25 mol (1 kg)

Question 3

bones and teeth - most abundant

Answer 3

(99%)

Question 4

as [?] - essential component of normal bone; makes up the bone mineral and matrix of the teeth

Answer 4

hydroxyapatite

Question 5

soft tissues and the ECF

Answer 5

(~1%)

Question 6

CALCIUM

Skeleton
Soft tissues
ECF
Total

Answer 6

99%

1%

<0.2%

1000g (25 mol)

Question 7

PHOSPHATE

Skeleton
Soft tissues
ECF
Total

Answer 7

85%

15%

<0.1%

600g (19.4 mol)

Question 8

MAGNESIUM

Skeleton
Soft tissues
ECF
Total

Answer 8

55%

45%

1%

5g (1.0 mol)

Question 9

is protein bound

Answer 9

45%

Question 10

is bound to albumin

Answer 10

80%

Question 11

are bound to globulins

Answer 11

20%

Question 12

is complexed with high molecular weight molecules such as citrate and phosphate; lactate and bicarboante

Answer 12

10%

Question 13

are ionized/free or in their free form

Answer 13

45%

Question 14

Primary hypoparathyroidism

Answer 14

Hypocalcemia

Question 15

Hypomagnesemia

Answer 15

Hypocalcemia

Question 16

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 16

Hypocalcemia

Question 17

Acute pancreatitis

Answer 17

Hypocalcemia

Question 18

Vit. D deficiency

Answer 18

Hypocalcemia

Question 19

Primary hyperparathyroidism –

Answer 19

Hypercalcemia

Question 20

adenoma or glandular hyperplasia

Answer 20

Hypercalcemia

Question 21

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 21

Hypercalcemia

Question 22

Malignancy

Answer 22

Hypercalcemia

Question 23

Multiple myeloma

Answer 23

Hypercalcemia

Question 24

Increased Vit. D

Answer 24

Hypercalcemia

Question 25

Acidification of the sample (to dissociate Ca from proteins)

Answer 25

Dye-binding Methods

Question 26

Dye-binding Methods dyes

Answer 26

Ortho-cresolphthalein complexone (CPC) Arsenazo III dye

Question 27

Uses 8-hydroxyquinoline to prevent mg interference

Answer 27

Ortho-cresolphthalein complexone (CPC)

Question 28

reference method for total Calcium

Answer 28

2. AAS

Question 29

rarely used in the clinical setting

Answer 29

2. AAS

Question 30

membrane that selectively, but reversibly bind Ca

Answer 30

3. ISE

Question 31

Total Calcium - Serum, Plasma

Answer 31

2.15 - 2.5 mmol/L

Question 32

Ionized Calcium - Serum

Answer 32

1.16 - 1.32 mmol/L

Question 33

Ionized Calcium - Plasma

Answer 33

1.03 - 1.23 mmol/L

Question 34

Total Calcium 24 Hour Urine

Answer 34

2.5 - 7.5 mmol/day (100 - 300 mg/day)

Question 35

Total Ca

Answer 35

Serum or Li-H plasma (collected w/o stasis)

Question 36

Ionized Ca - samples collected anaerobically

Answer 36

heparinized blood

Question 37

timed collection; acidified w/ 6 mol/L HCl to prevent precipitation

Answer 37

Urine

Question 38

Regulation of cell functions

Answer 38

(inorganic messenger)

Question 39

Determines activity of several enzymes by combining w/ [?]

Answer 39

calmodulin

Question 40

- small protein found in all nucleated cells

Answer 40

Calmodulin

Question 41

calcium-modulated protein

Answer 41

calmodulin

Question 42

type of Ca-binding protein found on the cell cytoplasm

Answer 42

calmodulin

Question 43

= acts as regulator

Answer 43

Ca + Calmodulin

Question 44

Regulates muscle contraction: binds to

Answer 44

troponin

Question 45

: Ca-binding protein subunit

Answer 45

Trop C

Question 46

not found in the heart but in the thin filaments or muscle

Answer 46

Trop C

Question 47

important for active muscle contraction

Answer 47

Trop C

Question 48

Ca stabilizes and hold contents

Answer 48

Regulates cell membrane permeability

Question 49

Controls secretions of some endocrine glands (?)

Answer 49

PT gland, Thyroid C cells

Question 50

PT gland: Thyroid C cells:

Answer 50

PT hormone Calcitonin

Question 51

Blood coagulation

Question 52

– first activated during tissue damage

Answer 52

Factor 3 (Thrombokinase)

Question 53

– reacts w/ Factor 3 to form Thrombin

Answer 53

Factor 2

Question 54

– converts fibrinogen to fibrin

Answer 54

Thrombin

Question 55

– makes up the mesh that makes up clot

Answer 55

Fibrin

Question 56

Rigidity to [?]

Answer 56

bones & teeth

Question 57

Lack of Ca: prone to

Answer 57

skeletal muscle disorders