C1 - SECTION 2. ENZYME NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION

Question 1

Classifications of Enzymes - Based on

Answer 1

catalytic activity of an enzyme

Question 2

categorized enzymes into six (6) classes

Answer 2

The International Union of Biochemistry (IUB) Enzyme Commission

Question 3

Older names: Dehydrogenases & Oxidases

Answer 3

Oxidureductase

Question 4

Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer 4

Oxidureductase

Question 5

catalyze the transfer of electrons from one molecule (the oxidant) to another molecule (the reductant).

Answer 5

Oxidureductase

Question 6

catalyze reactions similar to the following: A– + B → A + B– where A is the oxidant and B is the reductant

Answer 6

Oxidureductase

Question 7

Assayed for investigation of cardiac & liver disorders

Answer 7

Oxidureductase

Question 8

Move an intact group of atoms (NH2 or PO4) from one molecule to another

Answer 8

Transferases

Question 9

catalyze reactions similar to the following A + BX = AX + B

Answer 9

Transferases

Question 10

Gives information about liver damage

Answer 10

Transferases

Question 11

Splits molecules with water as part of the reaction process

Answer 11

Hydrolases

Question 12

catalyze reactions similar to the following: L A + H20 = B + C

Answer 12

Hydrolases

Question 13

Three (3) Groups:

Answer 13

o Esterases: ACP, ALP, Lipase
o Peptidases: Leucine aminopeptidase, Pepsin
o Glycosidases: Amylase, Amylo-1,6-glucosidase

Question 14

o Esterases:

Answer 14

ACP, ALP, Lipase

Question 15

o Peptidases:

Answer 15

Leucine aminopeptidase, Pepsin

Question 16

o Glycosidases:

Answer 16

Amylase, Amylo-1,6-glucosidase

Question 17

Responsible for splitting molecules or breaking of bonds (C to C; C to O; C to N, etc.)

Answer 17

Lyases

Question 18

catalyze reactions similar to the following: A = B + C

Answer 18

Lyases

Question 19

Assayed in disorders of skeletal muscles

Answer 19

Lyases

Question 20

Responsible for the conversion of one isomer to another

Answer 20

Isomerases

Question 21

catalyze reactions similar to the following: A > B

Answer 21

Isomerases

Question 22

All reactions are reversible

Answer 22

Isomerases

Question 23

Enzymes causing bond formation between two molecules to form a larger molecule

Answer 23

Ligases

Question 24

catalyze reactions similar to the following: A + B = AB

Answer 24

Ligases

Question 25

Enzymes are classified according to the

Answer 25

type of reaction they catalyze.

Question 26

In naming an enzyme, the suffix (?) is added to the name of the substrate

Answer 26

“ase”

Question 27

Describes the nature of the reaction catalyzed

Answer 27

Systematic name

Question 28

Numerical code designation prefixed w/ the letters E.C.

Answer 28

Systematic name

Question 29

Example: E.C. 3.1.3.1 = ALP and E.C. 3.1.3.2 = ACP

Answer 29

Systematic name

Question 30

1st digit =

Answer 30

denotes the class of the enzyme

Question 31

2nd digit =

Answer 31

sub-class of the enzyme

Question 32

3rd digit = sub sub-class

Question 33

4th digit =

Answer 33

specific serial number

Question 34

a.k.a Non- specific, Practical name, Working name

Answer 34

Trivial name

Question 35

Uses acronyms and abbreviations

Answer 35

Trivial name

Question 36

Examples: SGOT, SGPT

Answer 36

Trivial name

Question 37

ENZYME NOMENCLATURE BASIS

Answer 37

1. Type of reaction catalyzed 2. Suffix "ASE" added to the name of substrate 3. STANDARD SYSTEM

Question 38

STANDARD SYSTEM Formulated by

Answer 38

IUB and IUPAC

Question 39

•This approach removes all ambiguity about the enzyme's identity

Answer 39

STANDARD SYSTEM

Question 40

Several distinct forms of enzymes

Answer 40

ENZYME VARIANTS

Question 41

Important in the diagnosis of specificity

Answer 41

ENZYME VARIANTS

Question 42

Multichained enzymes of similar activity

Answer 42

ISOENZYMES

Question 43

Appear in specific tissue, organ & cell organelle of similar organisms

Answer 43

ISOENZYMES

Question 44

Appear in specific tissue, organ & cell organelle of similar organisms

Answer 44

ISOENZYMES

Question 45

ISOENZYMES Example:

Answer 45

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

Question 46

•Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Contains [?] (polypeptide chains)

Answer 46

H & M sub-units

Question 47

- heart, RBC & renal tubules

Answer 47

H4 (LD1)

Question 48

- heart, RBC & renal tubules

Answer 48

H3M (LD2)

Question 49

- lungs, lymphocytes, spleen, pancreas

Answer 49

H2M2 (LD3)

Question 50

- liver, skeletal muscles

Answer 50

HM3 (LD4)

Question 51

- liver, skeletal muscles

Answer 51

M4 (LD5)

Question 52

CHARACTERISTICS OF ISOENZYMES

Question 53

– rate of migration isoenzymes in electrophoresis

Answer 53

1.Electrophoretic mobility

Question 54

Based on size, molecular weight, type of media used, number of electrons, charge of molecule

Answer 54

1.Electrophoretic mobility

Question 55

– type of separation technique

Answer 55

Mobility in Ion Exchange Resin

Question 56

– can be in the form of a chemical substance

Answer 56

Response to Inhibition

Question 57

- inhibited by 2% Formalin

Answer 57

ACP (RBC)

Question 58

- not inhibited by 2% Formalin

Answer 58

ACP (Prostate)

Question 59

is less sensitive to a-naphthyl PO4

Answer 59

ACP (RBC)

Question 60

Enzymes of similar catalytic activity but are specie specific

Answer 60

HETEROENZYMES

Question 61

Genetically-transmitted enzyme

Answer 61

ALLOENZYMES

Question 62

Main importance: Forensic medicine and Genetics

Answer 62

ALLOENZYMES

Question 63

Important in defining the biochemical characteristics of an individual

Answer 63

ALLOENZYMES

Question 64

•Generally secreted

Answer 64

PLASMA-SPECIFIC ENZYMES

Question 65

•Enzymes that exert their function in plasma

Answer 65

PLASMA-SPECIFIC ENZYMES

Question 66

•Ex. Enzymes associated with the coagulation pathway and complement system

Answer 66

PLASMA-SPECIFIC ENZYMES

Question 67

•No specific functions in plasma (lack of activators or coenzymes)

Answer 67

NON-PLASMA SPECIFIC ENZYMES

Question 68

— secreted in plasma at a high rate but rapidly disposed off to excretory channels; transient high conc

Answer 68

•B.1 Enzymes of Secretion

Question 69

– carry out their functions within the cells in which they are formed

Answer 69

•B.2. Enzymes associated w/ Cellular Metabolism

Question 70

Ex. ACP (Prostate) only induces in the prostate; CK induces in the heart muscle

Answer 70

•B.2. Enzymes associated w/ Cellular Metabolism

Question 71

•Found only in one lodation, particularly the cell sap (vacuoles – serves as storage compartment)

Answer 71

UNILOCULAR ENZYME

Question 72

•Found in the mitochondria & cell sap

Answer 72

BILOCULAR ENZYME