DRUGS OF ABUSE Flashcards by Arriane Cyrel (MTI)

Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

Republic Act No 9165 : June 7,2002

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repealing Republic Act No 6425, otherwise known as the

Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972

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increasing applicability

Drug Testing

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Drug Testing AGENCIES

government agencies
industrial agencies
sports agencies

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the application of drug testing to questions of law

Forensic Drug Testing

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Drug Testing Operations
RA 9165:

“Comprehensive Dangerous Drug’s Act of 2002”

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Classification of DT Lab

Ownership
Institutional Character
Service Capability

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Ownership

a. Government (BGH)
b. Private (UB-CL)

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Institutional Character

a. Institution-Based (UB-DTC, BGH)
b. Free Standing (Drug Check Internation – Upper Gen Luna)

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Service Capability

a. Screening (UBDTC)
b. Confirmatory (Manila-based)

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Confirmatory Laboratory & Screening Laboratory : Screening Test

Immunoassay equipment or BFAD registered drugtesting kit or Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

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Confirmatory Laboratory : Confirmatory Test

Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometer (GC-MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometer (HPLC-MS) or some such modern and accepted equipment

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Confirmatory Laboratory Basic equipment:

Laboratory oven
Analytical balance
Refrigerator
Freezer
Fumehood
Other necessary equipment based on the procedure used

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Screening Laboratory Basic equipment:

Refrigerator/Freezer

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a. Screening Lab: shall have at least [?] in floor area. The work area must be [?] with [?].

twenty (20) square meters

ten (10) square meters

exhaust fan, sink and storage cabinet

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b. Confirmatory Lab: shall have at least [?] in floor area. The clinical work area must be [?] with [?].

sixty (60) square meters

thirty (30) square meters

exhaust fan, sink, stock room and instrumentation room

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a. Screening lab: licensed physician with certification in [?] from the Philippine Board of Pathology or certification in [?] conducted by the DOH

Clinical Pathology

Clinical Laboratory Management Training

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b. Confirmatory Lab: The confirmatory laboratory shall be headed by a licensed physician certified in [?] by the Philippine Board of Pathology with at least [?] of active laboratory experience in [?] or a licensed chemist with at least a [?] or a branch of Chemistry and at least [?] of active laboratory experience in [?].

Clinical Pathology

two (2) years ; analytical toxicology

Master’s Degree in Chemistry, Biochemistry

two (2) years; analytical chemistry

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Mandatory DT
1. Applicants for [?]
2. Applicants for [?]
3. Officers and members of the [?]
4. Persons charged before the prosecutor’s office with a criminal offense having an imposable penalty of imprisonment of not less than [?]
5. Candidates for public office whether [?] both in the national or local government
6. Persons [?] for violating the provisions of this Act

Driver’s license

Fire arms license

military, police and law enforcement

six (6) years and one (1) day

appointee or elected

apprehended or arrested

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Random DT
1. Students of [?]
2. Officers and employees of [?] whether domestic of overseas

secondary and tertiary school

public and private offices

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: gold standard for confirmatory testing

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS)

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Drug analysts:

Chemists, Pharmacists, Medical Technologists

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Urine Volume for Drug Testing:

60 mL

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: operating system used for drug testing; installed in computers (confirmatory/screening labs)

Integrated Drug Test Operations Management Information System (IDTOMIS)

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TEST PRINCIPLE • [?] between drug-protein conjugates and drugs that may be present in the urine sample.

Competition for antibody binding

: drug-protein conjugates

• Band regions

: mouse monoclonal Ab conjugated with gold particles

• Gold Pad

allows for selective ID of THC and MET

• Ab on the test strip

• [?] test kit

Lateral Flow

• Principle: Competition for Ab-binding between [?] in the urine sample

drug protein conjugates and drugs

TEST PROCEDURE 1. Allow all bit components and specimens to reach a temperature between [?] prior to testing. 2. Remove the test device from the foil pouch and place it on a [?]. 3. Holding the urine dropper above the test device, dispense [?] of urine into the sample well (S). 4. As the test begins to work, you will see a purple colored band move across the [?] in the center of the test device. 5. Interpret test results at [?]. Do not interpret test result after [?].

15°C and 30°C flat, dry surface 3-4 drops result window 5 minutes

The presence of 3 colored bands (1, 2, C) within the result window, regardless of the order in which the bands appear, indicates a [?].

Negative Result

This indicates that the drug concentrations are below the detectable levels.

Negative Result

The presence of both the THC test band (2) and the control (C) within the result window, regardless of which band appears first, indicates a

Methamphetamine-Positive Result

This result indicates that the concentration of methamphetamine in the sample is at or above the detectable level (1000mg/mL).

Methamphetamine-Positive Result

The presence of both the MET (1) test band and the control (C) within the result window, regardless of which band appears first, indicates a

THC-Positive Result

This result indicates that the concentration of THC metabolites in the sample is at or above the detectable level (50mg/mL).

THC-Positive Result

The presence of only the control (C) within the result window indicates a

Methamphetamine- and THC-Positive Result

This result indicates that the concentration of methamphetamine and THC metabolites are at or above the detectable level (1000mg/mL and 50mg/mL respectively).

Methamphetamine- and THC-Positive Result

If the control band (C) is not visible within the result window after performing the test, the result is considered invalid.

Invalid Result

Instructions may not have been followed correctly or the test may have deteriorated beyond the expiration date.

Invalid Result

It is recommended that the specimen be retested using a new test kit.

Invalid Result

Methamphetamine • Last about

2-4 hours

Methamphetamine • Half-life:

9-24 hours

Methamphetamine • is excreted in urine

10-20%

Methamphetamine • Detected:

3-5 days

Methamphetamine • Cut-off Value:

1,000 ng/mL

: Concentration of drugs that can be detected in urine

Cut-off Value

Tetrahydrocannabinol • Peak effect:

20-30 mins

Tetrahydrocannabinol • Duration:

90-120 mins

Tetrahydrocannabinol • Derivatives in urine:

3 to 5 days after smoking

Tetrahydrocannabinol • Derivative in urine:

∆9-THCCOOH

Tetrahydrocannabinol • Cut-off Value:

50 ng/mL

- the usual sample used to test a number of drugs of abuse

• Urine specimen

• Urine specimen DISADVANTAGES

• Detects only fairly recent drug use • Will not differentiate casual use from chronic drug abuse

ALTERNATIVE SPECIMENS

Meconium Hair Sweat Saliva

• first stool of the newborn

Meconium

• begins to form during second trimester and continues to accumulate until birth

Meconium

• provides evidence of maternal drug use anytime during the last two trimesters

Meconium

• obtained easily; not easily tampered

Hair

• prior drug use may be detected for several months

Hair

• hair growth:

0.3 to 0.4 mm/day (90 – 12 strands = 100 mg of hair)

• mechanism of drug deposition in hair

• transfer from blood to growing hair shaft • transfer from sweat • environmental contamination

• sweat-patch collection devices, worn for several days to several weeks

Sweat

• the drug, if present accumulates on the absorbent pad in the patch

Sweat

• advantage: monitoring of drug use in correctional institutions or in drug rehab programs

Sweat

• easy to obtain, less invasion of privacy and ease of adulteration

Saliva

• ultrafiltrate of plasma

Saliva

• detection of drug level is shorter compared with urine

Saliva

• recent drug use

Saliva

sample of choice

Urine

represents the net load of the drug over a long period

Urine

guard against specimen exchange and/ or adulteration

Urine

urine pH, specific gravity and creatinine

Urine

represents transient passage of the drug thru the circulation

Blood

only a quick picture of the drug level at a specific time

Blood

Processing and handling

confidentiality and chain of custody

- good sensitivity with marginal specificity

screening assay

- high sensitivity and specificity

confirmatory assay

qualitative and quantitative info

confirmatory assay

different from screening procedure

confirmatory assay

- rapid, stat, screening methods

1. Emergency Room testing

- EMIT, FPIA and TLC

1. Emergency Room testing

LEVELS OF DRUG TESTING

1. Emergency Room testing 2. Forensic testing

- confirmatory methods

2. Forensic testing

- HPLC and GC-MS

2. Forensic testing

1. TLC

0.2 – 5 (mg/dL)

2. EIA

0.025 – 5 (mg/dL)

3. HPLC

0.02 – 10 (mg/dL)

4. GC

0.01 – 10 (mg/dL)

5. GC-MS

0.001 – 5 (mg/dL)

DRUGS OF ABUSE Flashcards

(91 cards)