TRYPSIN AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS PROTEINS Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Pancreas-specific serine protease
A
TRYPSIN
2
Q
Enzymes that breaks down proteins
A
serine protease
3
Q
Solely produced by pancreatic acinar cells
A
TRYPSIN
4
Q
Cleaves peptide bonds formed between the –COOH group of lysine or arginine with other amino acids
A
TRYPSIN
5
Q
Zymogen:
A
o trypsinogen-1
o trypsinogen-2
6
Q
an inactive substance that is converted into an enzyme when activated by another enzyme.
A
Zymogen
7
Q
TRYPSIN Activator:
A
Enterokinase
8
Q
– activates zymogens into active state
A
Enterokinase
9
Q
Inactivated in plasma by:
A
α-1-antitrypsin
α-2-macroglobulin
10
Q
– glycoprotein produced by the liver; balances protease enzyme found in the lungs
A
α-1-antitrypsin
11
Q
– serine protease inhibitor
A
α-2-macroglobulin
12
Q
TRYPSIN-1 (Cationic) Elevated in:
A
Acute pancreatitis
Chronic renal failure
Cystic fibrosis
13
Q
TRYPSIN-2 (Anionic) Elevated in:
A
Acute pancreatitis
14
Q
TRY-1 rises in parallel with serum AMY activity
A
Acute pancreatitis
15
Q
a common inherited genetic disease in pediatric patients, newborns
A
Cystic fibrosis
16
Q
Cystic fibrosis CM
A
severe pancreatic insufficiency
17
Q
accumulation of thick muscous secretion in the pancreatic ducts that inhibit secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes
A
severe pancreatic insufficiency
18
Q
Acute pancreatitis – Serum trypsinogen-2 increases more than trypsinogen-1
A
(10-fold greater)
19
Q
TRYPSIN-2 (Anionic)
Acute pancreatitis
larger amounts are excreted into
A
urine
20
Q
are currently being used for differentiating the cause of acute pancreatitis
A
Trypsin assays
21
Q
: more elevated in alcohol-associated pancreatitis (chronic alcohol abuse)
A
Trypsinogen-2 and Trypsin-2-a1-antitrypsin
22
Q
: more elevated in biliary pancreatitis
A
Trypsinogen-1. AMS, and LPS
23
Q
inhibitory protein
A
Try1-a1-antitrypsin
24
Q
detect: Trypsinogen-1, Try-1 and Try1-a1-antitrypsin complex
A
Commercial IMMUNOASSAYS
25
expensive; not commonly performed
Commercial IMMUNOASSAYS
26
based on the use of immunochromatography with monoclonal antibodies (serology)
Urinary trypsinogen-2 test strip
27
ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME Other names:
peptidyl dipeptidase A / Kininase II
28
ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME SYSTEMATIC NAME
3.4.15.1
29
TRUE CHOLINESTERASE SYSTEMATIC NAME
E.C. 3.1.1.7
30
PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE SYSTEMATIC NAME
E.C. 3.1.1.8
31
LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE SYSTEMATIC NAME
E.C. 3.4.11.1
32
5’-NUCLEOTIDASE OR 5’-NT SYSTEMATIC NAME
E.C.3.1.3.5
33
5’-NUCLEOTIDASE Other name:
5’-ribonucleoside phosphohydrolase
34
PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE Other name:
Acylcholine Acyl hydrolase
35
ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME Conversion of
angiotensin I to angiotensin II
36
Takes part in the RAAS
ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME
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ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME Inactivation of
bradykinin, encephalin, tachykinin
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ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME Most activity:
lungs (primary) & endothelial cells
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ACE ELEVATIONS
pulmonary involvement
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ACE DECREASE
sarcoidosis
41
an inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs in the body, but mostly the lungs and lymph glands
sarcoidosis
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abnormal masses or nodules (called granulomas) consisting of inflamed tissues form in certain organs of the body are found
sarcoidosis
43
an enzyme that splits acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) into acetic acid and choline
TRUE CHOLINESTERASE
44
TRUE CHOLINESTERASE Major source:
CNS, RBCs, Lung and Spleen
45
Measurement of activity: True Cholinesterase uses
acetylcholine
46
Measurement of activity: Pseudocholinesterase uses
butyrylthiocholine
47
PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE
Released thiocholine reacts with (?)
Ellman’s reagent
48
Product: measured photometrically
PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE
49
neurotransmitter – chemicals released by the nerve cells; gaps or synapses between the neurons that are responsible for amplifying signal exchange
acetylcholine
50
cuts the flow of information in the neurons
acetylcholine
51
Diagnosis of organophosphate insecticide poisoning (cholinesterase activity is inhibited)
TRUE CHOLINESTERASE and PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE
52
Cleaves succinylcholine
PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE
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PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE Major source:
Liver, myocardium & pancreas
54
Component of anesthesia (numbness relaxation)
succinylcholine
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Broken down by Pseudocholinesterase
succinylcholine
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muscle relaxant used during surgery
succinylcholine
57
Uncontrolled lacrimation, salivation, and urination
organophosphate insecticide poisoning
58
Liver function test: Pseudocholinesterase prod’n (decreased activity in)
malnutrition
59
For diagnosis of genetic variants
PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE
60
Prolonged apnea after using succinylcholine during anesthesia
PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE
61
= shorter anesthesia effect
↑ Pseudocholinesterase
62
Hydrolyzes amino acids from the N-terminal end of the peptides
LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE
63
An exopeptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of amino acid residues from the amino terminus of polypeptide chains
LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE
64
LAPs are widely distributed, ubiquitous in nature, and are of critical biological importance because of their role in protein degradation
LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE
65
LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE Measurement of activity:
Starch gel electrophoresis
66
LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE Normal Values:
MALES: 19.2 – 48.0 IU/L
FEMALES: 18.0 – 44.4 IU/L
67
LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE MAJOR ISOENZYMES
Liver isoenzyme
Placental isoenzyme
68
major isoenzyme found in the canalicular membrane with similar activities to GGT and ALP
Liver isoenzyme
69
LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE Increased in
obstructive liver diseases
70
NOT in bone disease – normal
LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE
71
Sensitive than ALP & 5’-NT
LAP
72
Less sensitive & specific than GGT
LAP
73
Rank 2
(GGT, LAP, ALP, 5’NT)
74
Liver isoenzyme LAP Elevated in
SLE (butterfly rash), breast, endometrial and ovarian carcinomas, germ cell tumors of the ovary and testis
75
Important in hydrolysis of Oxytocin & Angiotensin II
Placental isoenzyme
76
Neurotransmitter active after birth
Oxytocin
77
Production of breast milk
Oxytocin
78
Increased during 3rd trimester of pregnancy
Placental isoenzyme
79
Acts on nucleosides w/ PO4: ATP & GTP – Guanosine triphosphate
5’-NUCLEOTIDASE
80
Similar on CK activity
5’-NUCLEOTIDASE
81
5’-NUCLEOTIDASE Tissue source: Widely distributed but predominates in the
liver
82
5’-NUCLEOTIDASE Measurement of activity: Assay uses large amounts of other
non-nucleoside substrates
83
Chelating agents interfere (plasma)
5’-NUCLEOTIDASE
84
may reflect hepatobillary disease with considerable specificity seen in acute hepatitis and also in ovarian carcinoma and rheumatoid arthritis
5’-NUCLEOTIDASE
85
together with other enzymes such as ALP, LDH it can also serve as a tumor marker
5’-NUCLEOTIDASE
86
RAAS System that control blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluid in the body by regulating (?) (sodium balance)
aldosterone
87
if there is perceived volume depletion or low sodium filtered, (?) is produced juxtaglomerular apparatus (proteolytic enzyme), initiate cleavage of (?)
Renin
angiotensinogen
88
Converts Angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor
angiotensin II
89
It increased blood pressure and stimulate (?) release
aldosterone
90
: aids in resolving KIDNEY problems
angiotensin II
91
receives a predetermined blood supply to be filtered by the glomerulus
angiotensin II
92
– juxtaglomerular apparatus produces RENIN
↓ blood supply
93
angiotensin II
Sent to the circulation
94
angiotensin II Converts (?) from the liver to angiotensin 1
angiotensinogen
95
first precursor of angiotensin 2
angiotensinogen
96
– circulates in the blood and reaches the lungs where it encounters the angiotensin converting enzyme to be converted to the active form of angiotensin 2
angiotensin 1
97
Final product:
angiotensin 2
98
Functions of RAAS
1) increases the sympathetic activity,
2) stimulates the tubular reabsorption of Na, Cl,
3) excretion of K
4) retention of H2O
5) stimulates the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal glands
6) Arteriolar vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure
7) Stimulate pituitary gland to secrete ADH or vasopressin
99
– important electrolytes that balance water reabsorption and excretion
Na, Cl, K
100
– top of the kidney; pyramid shape
adrenal glands
101
: acts on the tubules of the nephrons to stimulate Na retention
Aldosterone
102
Prevents urination
ADH or vasopressin
103
Stimulation of water reabsorption due to low blood pressure
ADH or vasopressin
104
– works to maintain the normal amount of blood being presented to the kidneys
Liver, kidney and lungs
