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Calcium Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

whats the Amount in body? Calcium

A

850-1400 g –> more than other minerals

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2
Q

is it a trace element, vitamin, or mineral? Calcium

A

mineral

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3
Q

how much is in the bones & teeth? Calcium

A

99% bones & teeth

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4
Q

how much are in the plasma & body fluids? Calcium

A

1% plasma & body fluids

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5
Q

what does it decrease? Calcium

A

Decrease –> Tetany

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6
Q

what are its seven functions? Calcium

A

 Bone growth
 Teeth formation
 Initiates blood clotting  Muscle contraction
 Nerve transmission
 Cell wall permeability  Enzyme regulator and catalyst

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7
Q

Calcium is the most recognized nutrient associated with? Calcium

A

bone health

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8
Q

what seven other things are essential for bone health besides calcium? Calcium

A

Vitamins D and K Phosphorus Magnesium Fluoride

Zinc Boron

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9
Q

what are the two main things associated with its function of Bone growth? Calcium

A

most recognized nutrient associated with bone health, Provide strength & flexibility

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10
Q

what are the details of it Providing strength & flexibility to the bones? Calcium

A

 ~ 65% minerals,
hardness
 ~35% organic structures, strength, durability, & flexibility

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11
Q

what are the four parts of the bone it functions with? Calcium

A

Collagen, Hydroxyapatite, Cortical, Trabecular

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12
Q

what is collagen? Calcium

A

fibrous protein in bone tissue

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13
Q

what is Hydroxyapatite? Calcium

A

mineral crystals around collagen that bear weight

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14
Q

what is Cortical? Calcium

A

(compact)  80% of skeleton

 Outer surface

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15
Q

what is the Trabecular? Calcium

A 
  20% of skeleton
  Inside (scaffolding)
  Supports outer cortical
bone
  Faster turnover rate
(sensitive to hormones & nutritional deficiencies)
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16
Q

how does it function in bone growth? Calcium

A

deposition of Ca & increase in bone size

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17
Q

how does it function in modeling of the bone? Calcium

A

shaping of bone

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18
Q

how does it function in remodeling of bone growth? Calcium

A

recycling of bone tissue

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19
Q

when is bone growth completed? Calcium

A

Complete by age 14 yr girls; 17 boys

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20
Q

when is bone modeling complete? Calcium

A

Complete by early adulthood

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21
Q

what increases the thickness of bone modeling? Calcium

A

Exercise & overweight increase thickness

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22
Q

how much bone is remodeled every year? Calcium

A

20%

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23
Q

whats the order of the three bones that release during remodeling of bones? Calcium

A

Alveolar bone first to release, then pelvis & spine

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24
Q

what are the details of its function with Cell wall permeability? Calcium

25
what are the details of its function as an Enzyme regulator and catalyst? Calcium
-Activates ATPase, | lipase
26
whats the absorption rate in children? Calcium
50-60%
27
whats the absorption rate in adults? Calcium
10-30%
28
whats the absorption rate in pregnancy? Calcium
50%
29
what are the six favorable factors of absorption? Calcium
Vitamin D  Acid pH  Lactose  Ca:P ratio 1:1  Parathyroid Hormone  Growth
30
what are the six unfavorable factors of absorption? Calcium
```  Stress  Fats  Oxalic Acid  Phytate  Fiber  Lack of exercise ```
31
what are the four things associated with deficiency? Calcium
Hypocalcemia, Rickets, Osteomalacia , Osteoporosis
32
what are the causes of Hypocalcemia? Calcium
kidney disease, vitamin D deficiency, or diseases that | inhibit PTH production
33
what are the symptoms of Hypocalcemia? Calcium
muscle spasms and convulsions (tetany)
34
what happens with rickets in children? Calcium
Failure of fontanel to close in infancy
35
what happens with Osteomalacia? Calcium
(loss of mineral, not matrix)
36
what happens with Osteoporosis? Calcium
(loss of mineral plus matrix)
37
what are the three things that happen with age? Calcium
Bone mass decreases with age  Age-related hormonal (estrogen and testosterone) changes influence bone density  Decreased vitamin D metabolism with age
38
what are the three details of women being at a disadvantage with osteoporosis? Calcium
 80% of Americans with osteoporosis: women  Women have lower bone density than men  Low estrogen production increases bone loss: postmenopausal women and adolescent girls (extreme dieting)
39
who is most at risk for getting osteoporosis? Calcium
Caucasian women of low body weight with first-degree relative (mother or sister) with osteoporosis
40
what happens to bones with regular exercise? Calcium
stresses bone tissues, stimulates bone | density
41
what is Important for bone growth in adolescence? Calcium
physical activity
42
what do weight bearing activities do? Calcium
Weight-bearing activities (walking, jogging) | help increase bone mass
43
what are the benefits of being overweight? Calcium
may protect bones
44
what does smoking do? Calcium
decreases bone density
45
how can the harmful affects of smoking on the bones be reversed and when are the benefits seen? Calcium
Can be reversed with smoking cessation, 6 weeks
46
what does Alcohol abuse & osteoporosis increase? Calcium
fractures
47
with Moderate alcohol intake what happens to the body? Calcium
May increase bone mineral density
48
what is the treatment for Osteoporosis? Calcium
no cure just slow progression
49
what are the three ways to slow the progression of Osteoporosis? Calcium
 Adequate calcium & vitamin D intake  Regular exercise (weight-bearing)  Anti-resorptive medications
50
what happens to the excess of it from the diet? Calcium
excreted in feces
51
what causes mineral imbalance? Calcium
supplements
52
what is the disease associated with toxicity? Calcium
Hypercalcemia (high blood calcium)
53
what causes Hypercalcemia? Calcium
cancer or excess parathyroid hormone
54
what are the five things that happen with hypercalcemia? Calcium
Fatigue, appetite loss, constipation, mental | confusion, calcium deposits in soft tissues
55
what are the two things that happens when calcium deposits in soft tissues as a result of toxicity in hypercalcemia? Calcium
Kidney stones | Calcification of arteries
56
whats the DRI? Calcium
1,000 mg
57
whats the upper limit? Calcium
2,500 mg
58
whats an excellent food source? Calcium
milk products?
59
what are three good food sources? Calcium
 Green leafy vegetables (kale, collard greens, broccoli, and cabbage are low in oxalates)  Fortified foods (orange juice, soy milk)  Fish with edible bones (sardines, salmon)

Nutrition (32 decks)

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