Folate

Question 1

is it a trace element, vitamin, or mineral? Folate

Answer 1

B vitamin

Question 2

what are its three forms? Folate

Answer 2

food, coenzyme, excreted from liver into bile then reabsorbed by intestine

Question 3

what are the details of its form in food? Folate

Answer 3

not biologically active, bound to glutamates

Question 4

which form in food is preferred for absorption? Folate

Answer 4

monoglutamate

Question 5

which is the storage form in food? Folate

Answer 5

polyglutamate

Question 6

what are the two coenzyme forms? Folate

Answer 6

tetrahydrofolate (THF), dihydrofolate (DHF)

Question 7

what happens when the intestinal cells are damaged? Folate

Answer 7

it hinders absorption

Question 8

what are its three functions? Folate

Answer 8

carrier of one carbon compounds, DNA and red blood cell formation

Question 9

what are the three different carbon compounds it carries? Folate

Answer 9

methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid

Question 10

what happens with its function in DNA and red blood cell formation? Folate

Answer 10

protein synthesis and cell division

Question 11

what are the three deficiency symptoms? Folate

Answer 11

macrocytic anemia, smooth tongue, changes in intestinal cells

Question 12

what is the deficiency symptom macrocytic anemia? Folate

Answer 12

arrested development of rbc: nuclei, large, irregular shape

Question 13

what happens with the deficiency symptom of changes in intestinal cells? Folate

Answer 13

diarrhea

Question 14

what are the five predisposing factors of deficiency? Folate

Answer 14

inadequate intake, impaired absorption, enhanced cell multiplication (cancer), drugs, smoking

Question 15

what are the three things that happens with a deficiency in pregnancy? Folate

Answer 15

neural tube defects in the 1st 3 weeks, spina bifida, anencephaly

Question 16

what happens with a neural tube defect? Folate

Answer 16

lots of urinating and vomiting

Question 17

what is spina bifida? Folate

Answer 17

split or open spine

Question 18

what is anencephaly? Folate

Answer 18

no brain

Question 19

how can a deficiency in pregnancy be prevented? Folate

Answer 19

supplements 1 month prior and 1st trimester

Question 20

what are its dual roles in cancer? Folate

Answer 20

low intake protects against early cancinogenesis; high intake promotes advanced carcinogenesis

Question 21

what is the recommended daily intake for adults? Folate

Answer 21

400 micro grams

Question 22

whats the upper limit for adults? Folate

Answer 22

1000 micro grams

Question 23

whats the recommended daily intake for pregnancy? Folate

Answer 23

600 micro grams

Question 24

whats the upper limit in pregnancy? Folate

Answer 24

800 micro grams

Question 25

what are the three toxicity effects? Folate

Answer 25

masks deficiency of b12, changes to brain leading to autism and metabolic syndrome, increase risk of malaria in children

Question 26

what are the seven food sources? Folate

Answer 26

leafy green vegetables, legumes, okra, asparagus, orange, strawberries, enriched grains

Question 27

is the amount limited in enriched grains? if so why? Folate

Answer 27

limited to not mask b12 deficiency