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Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB > Campania 2 > Flashcards

Campania 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who has the highest population density in Italy?

A

Campania

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2
Q

What peoples settled Campania?

A

Greek –> Etruscans –> Saminites –> Romans (4th BC - 5th AD) –>

Ostrogoths –> Byzantines –> Lombards (6th AD) –> Norman

and then multiple dynasty 18th c AD Spanish Bourbon incorporated into Kingdom of Sicily –> Kingdom of Italy

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3
Q

What was the term for ancient Greek population in Italy?

A

Magna Graecia

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4
Q

What did the Greeks introduce to Italy?

A

Bush trained vines

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5
Q

When and what did the Etruscans introduce to Campania?

A

From 7th c BC - 5th c BC

Introduced vine training up trees Alberta

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6
Q

When did Vesuvio erupt?

A

79 AD

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7
Q

When did Phylloxera arrive to Campania?

A

1930s

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8
Q

When did the rebirth of Campania’s wine industry take place?

A

1980s after devastating earthquake

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9
Q

Where is Campania located?

A

SW Italy facing Tyrrhenian Sea

Napoli - capital

200mile coast line

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10
Q

What is Campania’s climate

A

Altitude plays a significant role in climate

Coast Band - Mild winters, warm summers

Hilly & Mountains - More continental with significant diurnal swings due to Southern Apennines

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11
Q

What are the annual rainfall levels in Campania?

A

Given the mountains, coastal regions get ample rainfall

Coastal - Can reach 900-1,000mm per year (14-16C)

Mountains - Can reach 1,500mm per year (11-13C)

Concentrated rain in Autumn and Winter

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12
Q

Describe Campania’s Topography

A

Varied and irregular

Flat plains with steep rocky cliffs

Plains - 15%

Hlls - 51%

Mountains - 34%

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13
Q

How is Campania divided?

A

Coastal Band - Campania & Sele

Inland Band - Southern Apennines

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14
Q

What is the longest and most important river in Southern Italy (Campania)?

A

Volturno River

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15
Q

Rank the rivers of Campania

A
  1. Volturno
  2. Sele River
  3. Calore - empties in Volturno
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16
Q

Soil types in Campania?

A

Volcanic - Lave, Lapilli, Pumice, Pyroclast, Tuff

Inland Ash

Loose volcanic soils prevented phylloxera which allows old and ungrafted vines

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17
Q

How many indigenous grapes are found in Camapania?

A

Over 100- one of the highest regions in Italy

Most not listed in Italy’s National Registry

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18
Q

How important are International varieties in Campania?

A

Irrelevant

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19
Q

What is mainly planted in Campania?

A

Red grapes 60%

Aglianico - 30%

Piedirosso (means read foot) - 3%

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20
Q

What is the most widely planted white grapes?

A

Falaghina - 12%

Greco - 3%

Fiano - 4%

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21
Q

What are the surprising uncommon grapes in Campania?

A

Barbera - 6%

Sangiovese - 5%

Malvasia B di Candia - 5%

Government promted for productivity in 1950s

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22
Q

Aglianico

A

Italian Noble Grape - “Barolo of the South”

Campania’s greatest variety

Important in Avellino and Benevento

Thick Skin, Very Late RIpening

Susceptible to Hot, Drought conditions

Performs well at altitude and volcanic soils

High Tannin, High Acidity

Only picked when fully ripe and matured in oak and bottle aged

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23
Q

Piedirosso

A

Ancient, native Campania grape

Most important after Aglianico

Blended to add Perfume and soften Aglianico’s tannins

Soft Mouth Feel

Bright, Integrated Acidity, Fragrant Floral and Red Fruit with Herbal Notes

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24
Q

Falanghina

A

One of Campania’s oldest grapes

Popular since 1990s

Grown in ALL of Campania’s wine districts

Vinified as varietal and blend

Delicate Floral, Aromatic Herbal, Refreshing Acidity

Still, Dry, Unoaked and released a few months after harvest

2 distinct varieties F. Flegrea & F. Beneventana

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25
What is unique about Falanghina?
Once thought to be 1 variety DNA proves 2 distinct **Falanghina Flegrea** **&** **Falanghine Beneventana**
26
What is difference between Falaghina Flegrea & Falaghina Beneventana
**F. Fregrea** - historic reputation, widespread in Napoli & Caserta - **Falerno del Massico / Campi Flegrei DOCs** **F. Beneventana** - recently ID. More common in Benevento province - **Falanghina del Sannio DOC**
27
**Greco di Tufo**
**Greco** amongst the most ancient and finest whites of Campania Home is in Iripina around Tufo **Late Ripening**, Hard to grow, prone to fungal disease **High Polyphenol content = easily oxidized and creates high levels of Volatile Acids - handed carefully** **Well structured, High Acidity, Round, Full Body** ***This grape is distinct from Greco Bianco - Calabria***
28
Are Greco and Grechetto related?
No probably called this because of Greek origin and reference ancient Greek sweet wine Was popular in the Middle Ages
29
What is Aminea Gemina Minor?
Greco that has grown a second noticeable wing cluster "**double bunch**" hence gemini
30
**Fiano**
**Campania's most Noble White Grape** Considerd one of the **best Italian** Believed to be native to Irpinia, in town of Lapio Devestated by phylloxera in 20th and world wars **Brought back by Antonio Mastroberdino 1940s** **Ages well in bottle** **Fiano di Avelino**
31
**Biancolella**
White Grape **Native Ischia**, Campania **Medium ABV, Medium Acidity** Citrus, Herbal, Almond, sometime Tropical with saline finish
32
**Coda di Volpe Bianca**
Ancient white grape, Exclusive to Campania "**White Foxtail**" referring to shape of cluster which looks like a fox tail *Plays secondary role to soften Fiano, Greco, Falaghina* Starting to do varietals (Sannio & Irpinia) **Medium Acidity, needs careful harvest not to lose acidity** **Golden Color** **Wines range from austere to mineral and soft, Full, RIch Ripe Pear, Stone and Exotic Fruit, Spice**
33
What were Campania's old trellising systems and what replaced them?
**Pergola & Alberata** (trained on trees) replaced with **Guyot** **Cordone Speronato**
34
What is the vine density in Campania?
One of the most densely planted regions **4,000-7,000 vines per ha** 20,000 ha - 4% of Italy's total wine production Can find very old vines, on terraced vineyards
35
What is the breakdown for DOC/G IGT Vino
**DOC/G \<20%** (doubled in last 10 years) IGT - 10% **Vino - 70% generic without origin**
36
What is Campania's Province breakdown
**Caserta** **Napoli** **Benevento** **Avellino** **Salerno**
37
Describe **Caserta** Province
Diverse and growing in significance **Aglianico & Falaghina planted on volcanic soils** Has appellations based on very unique grapes Falerno del Massico Bianco DOC - base is Falaghina **Topology: vines around Monte Massico & foothills of Roccamonfina in north (up to 300m)** **Soils: Volcanic top-soil, limestone subsoil**
38
**Falerno del Massico DOC**
**Caserta Province, Campania** Founded 1989 - aiming to revive Romans 1st growth appellation, Falernum Same region as the Original Romans **Aglianico, Piedirosso & Primativo (found virtually only in Puglia considered a tradition here)** **Falaghina is white grape** **Supple, Velvety less austere than Aglianico produced inland**
39
What is Monte Massico and Roccamonfina?
**Monte Massico** a massif **calcareous** located in the center of the appellation (Falerno) near coastal town of **Mondragone** **Roccamonfina** - **extinct volcano**
40
**Falerno del Massico Rosso DOC**
**Aglianico based wine with small portions of Piedirosso** **Supple, Velvety less austere** than Aglianico produced inland ***Riserva - 2 years ageing required 1 year wood***
41
Falerno del Massico Primativo DOC
**Primativo** planted sought and SE of **Monte Massico** Greated impact from the sea **Powerful, Structured, Concentrated varietal** ***Riserva - 2 years ageing required 1 year wood***
42
**Falerno del Massico Bianco DOC**
**Falaghina** usually **Flegrea** Fragrant and fruity **Francesco Avallone** of **Vila Matilde** recovered and propagated Falaghina in 1970s to save the grape
43
History of Falernum
Said **Bacchus** appeared on **Monte Massico** to help a farmer who offered everything but wine. Bacchus turned the milk into wine and slopes of Monte Massico into lush vineyards **Roman appellation - 1st in history** - Declined after 5th AD White wine maybe Falaghina or Greco or even Anglianico ***Pliny the Elder** even mentioned the wine could catch fire if near a flame* Falernum Faustianum - most prestigious - mid-level on hilly slope Falernum Caucinum - 2nd tier - highest elevatino on the hills Falerum - low-lying vineyards
44
How was Falernum made?
**Exposed to sun or smoked** Honey, spice, resins of sea water added Aged in clay for up to 10 years Powerful, Dark Amber needed to be diluted with water
45
How many DOC/DOCGs in Campania
**4 DOCGs / 15 DOCs = 20%** IGT = 10% Bulk 70% 80% are small vineyards with less than 5ha 20,000 ha **4% of Italy**
46
Describe Central Coast Appellations in Campania
**Climate**: All face the sea and mild Mediterranean climate ## Footnote **Soils: Volcanic** **Signature Black grape: Pierdirosso**
47
**Campi Flegrei DOC** "**Burning Fields**" in Greek
Large volcanic depression west of Napoli with intense volcanic activity - Dormant for 400 years This area including **Lake Avento** was considered to be gate way to Roman underworld **Looks over Pozzuoli Bay** Procida (included in Campi Flegrer) and Ischia stand in front of Campi Fleigrei 50-200m ASL On steep slopes require retaining walls Soils: volcanic, ash, lipilli, pumices and yellow Tufo Grape: **Piedirosso**
48
**Avera DOC / Asprinio di Aversa DOC**
Based on native grape **Asprinio around Aversa** ## Footnote **Terrain - mostly flat/fertile with Tufo subsoil and deep layers of volcanic material** ***Unique because it its training system Alberta Aversana - link to Estruscans - Trained very high (usually ungrafted, old, phylloxera free vines) using Popular & Elm Trees*** ***Canopies can reach 10-15m above the ground and harvests use special ladders to climb*** ***This is protected by Disciplinare*** **Min 85% Asprino adn 100% for spumante** **Traditionally fizzy, these are stored in underground Tufo caves**
49
**Campi Flegrei Piedirosso**
The varietal, must contain **90% Piedirosso** and usually 100% ## Footnote ***Riserva 2 years of ageing*** *Rosato and passito allowed*
50
What is the most widely planted white grape in **Campi Flegrei?**
**Falaghina Flegrea**
51
**Campi Flegrei Falaghina**
**90% Falaghina** usually 100%
52
What are Campania's IGT
**Benevento IGT** **Campania IGT** **Roccamonfina IGT** **Colli di Salerno IGT**
53
What is the most important IGT in Campania and Italy?
**Beneventano IGT** which covers the **entire** Beneventano province
54
What are Campania's major subregions?
**Sannio** - Benevento province **Irpinia** - Avelino province **Cilentro** - southern portion of Salerno province **Terra di Lavoro** - Shared with Caserta and Lazio
55
What Campania subregion is shared with Lazio?
**\*\*\*Terra di Lavoro** - Shared with **Caserta** and **Lazio\*\*\***
56
What are the **3 sub-zones** in the Costa d'Amalfi?
**Ravello** **Furore** **Tramonti**
57
What is the largest wine growning district in Campania
**Sannio** - which is the entire winegrowing district within **Benevento** province's historic subzone.
58
What is the principal and most **prestigious** appellation for wines made from the Greco grape variety?
**Greco di Tufo DOCG**
59
"**Apianum**" is the ancient Latin name for which grape variety?
**Fiano**
60
Name the principal and **longest** river in Campania
**Volturno**
61
The winegrowing area of the Sorrento Peninsula falls under which Campanian DOC?
**Penisola Sorrentina DOC**
62
What is the most **widely planted grape** variety in Campania?
**Aglianico**
63
What was the **first DOCG** appellation in southern Italy?
**Taurasi DOCG**
64
Which ancient civilisation instituted the practise of low-trained bush vines in Campania?
**Greeks**
65
Biancolella is considered native to which volcanic island?
**Ischia**
66
Which wine producer is universally considered the founding father of Campania's modern wine industry?
**Anotnio Mastrobererdino**
67
What is the minimum ageing time required for **Aglianico del Taburno DOCG**? And Vulture?
**2 years** **3 years**
68
What is the auxiliary grape that is allowed for a maximum of 15 % in the wines of Greco di Tufo? DOCG?
**Coda di Volpe Bianca**
69
Which historic sub-region is Campania's southernmost winegrowing area?
**Cilento**
70
What is the most widely planted white grape variety in Campania?
**Falaghina**
71
Name the main vine training system in the **Costa d'Amalfi DOC**
**Pergola**
72
**Per' e' Palummo** is the synonym for what grape variety?
**Piedirosso**
73
Which biotype of **Aglianico** is traditionally grown in the **Taburno** area?
**Agalianico Amaro (or Aglianico del Taburno)**
74
**Leonardo Mustilli** is credited with reviving which grape variety?
**Falanghina (Beneventana)**
75
Name Campania's capital city
**Napoli**
76
**Alberata Aversana** is the traditional vine training system of what DOC?
**Aversa (or Asprinio di Aversa) DOC**
77
The **Etruscans** instituted the practise of low-trained bush vines in Campania. True or false?
**False - the Greek did**
78
**Asprinio di Aversa** wines must be made from at least 85% of which grape variety?
**Asprinio**
79
In which Campanian DOCG would you find the villages of **Lapio, Montefredane, Summonte and Cesinali?**
**Fiano di Avellino DOCG**
80
Which grape variety, high in tannin and acidity, is nicknamed the "**Barolo of the South**"
**Aglianico**
81
Name the local lemon liqueur produced on the Amalfi Coast
**Limoncello**
82
Name the **three** main biotypes of Aglianico
**Aglianico Amaro (or Aglianico del Taburno),** **Aglianico di Taurasi,** **Aglianico del Vulture**
83
Lacryma Christi is a sub-designation of which Campanian DOC?
**Vesuvio DOC**
84
The Falerno del Massico DOC was created to revive the legacy of which ancient Roman appellation?
**Falernum**
85
The Castel San Lorenzo DOC lies within which historic sub-region?
**Cilento**
86
Sannio is one of the four historic sub-regions of Campania. True or false?
**True along with Iripina, Clientro, Terra di Lavoro**
87
The Greeks brought grape vines to Campania. True or false?
**True**
88
Name Campania's first DOC
**Ischia DOC**
89
Who founded Napoli?
**The Greeks**
90
What is **Cassa del Mezzogiorno**
A Fund to help Southern Italy redevelop including the vineyards.
91
Smallest Appellation under vine and area in Campania?
**Capri DOC**
92
What does "**Apianium**" mean in Latin?
**Ancient Latin name for Fiano**

Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB (49 decks)

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