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Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB > Puglia 2 > Flashcards

Puglia 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What and why was Puglia known for throughout Europe?

A

The “wine reservoir”

Presence of fertile soil, Mediterranean climate, plains make it easy to produce bulk wine which was shipped all over EU

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2
Q

What is the name for Puglia bulk wine?

A

Apulian wine

Producers used to blend Apulian with local grapes that lacked color, flavor and body

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3
Q

Where does Puglia rank in production?

A

It competes with Veneto and Emili-Romana as Italy’s largest producer and #2 undervine

It is the largest in Central / Southern Italy

80,000 ha

6,000,000 hl per year

More than 50% red and Rosato

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4
Q

What region is the largest producer of Rosato in Italy?

A

Puglia

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5
Q

What is Puglia’e DOC/G & IGT production?

A

DOC/G - 20%

IGT - 33%

The rest - wine without origin

Puglia is the largest producer of bulk wine blending for basic table wine, vermouth or distillation

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6
Q

Where is the best Rosato region in Puglia?

A

Salento

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7
Q

Who were the first people in Puglia?

A

Iapygian people

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8
Q

When did the Greeks arrive in Puglia?

And when did the Romans arrive?

A

8th c BC - Greeks

4th-3rd c BC - Romans

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9
Q

How did viticulture surrive in the MIddle Ages?

A

Monks provided the nexus from Romans collapse in 5th c BC through Lomards, Byzantines, Franks and Arabs (Saraceni)

During the Crusades in 11-13th AD wine trade and exports flourished as crusaders departed from Brindisi

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10
Q

Who and when was the Norman rule handed over to?

A

13th c AD to German House of Hohenstaufen called Svevi inherited the Kingdom

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11
Q

When did Puglia fall under Spanish control and what happened?

A

18th c AD the Spanish Bourbon dynasty to control, established political stability and rebuilt infrastructure

Agriculture and viticulture flourished

Remained under control until 1861 when it was annexed as part of the Kingdom of Italy

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12
Q

What did phylloxera do to Puglia’s wine production?

A

At first, production tripled since most of Europe had lost its vines.

in the 1920s phylloxera hit Puglia and devasted the region

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13
Q

What wine did Puglia use to recover from phylloxera?

A

Vini da Taglio - a deeply colored, high ABV, full bodied wine.

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14
Q

Who is the enologist in Puglia known for helping transition from bulk wine to quality?

A

Severino Garofano

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15
Q

What is the topology breakdown of Puglia?

A

SE Italy - Least mountainous region

Plains - 53%

Hills - 45%

Mountains 2%

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16
Q

What is the mountain range in Puglia?

A

Monti Dauni

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17
Q

What is the “spur” in Italy’s boot?

A

Gargano Promontory (or Gargano), a calcareous massif on the northern coast 1,000m ASL

And represents one of two peninsulas (Salento being the other)

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18
Q

What are the 2 peninsulas in Puglia?

A

Gargano (the spur) & Salento (which forms the heel)

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19
Q

What and where is Italy’s 2nd largest plain?

A

Northern Puglia

Tavoliere delle Puglie

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20
Q

Where is Puglia’s best know example of Karst (Carsico)?

A

Murge Plateau

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21
Q

What is the climate in Puglia?

A

One of the warmest and driest regions in Italy

Has a Meditarranean climate

Only Tavoliere in NW mountains is slightly more continental

Rainfall 500-650mm

Tavoliere is driest with 400-500mm

Highest rainfall found in Gargano

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22
Q

Where is the hottest region of Puglia?

A

Southern part on Salerno Peninsula

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23
Q

Where is the driest part of Puglia?

A

Tavoliere - northern part of Puglia

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24
Q

Does it snow in Puglia?

A

Yes, on the Murge plateau often snows due to cold air from the east

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25
What are the soils in Puglia?
Much of the soil is **iron** **rich**"**terra rosa**" Very well drained Low capacity to hold water - creates hydric stress in times of drought and requires irrigations **North** - alluvial soils - flatter land **Ofanto River** - rolling hills with sandy/gravely soil **Murge** (central) - calcareaous **South** - sandy-clay over limestone subsoil
26
What are the leading grape varieties?
70% Red / 30% Whie **Sangiovese - 15%** Primitivo - 14% Negro Amaro - 14% Montepulciano - 11% **Trebbiano Toscano - 7%** Trebbiano Giallo - 5% Uva Troia 3%
27
What 4 varieties account for more than 50% of the grape production?
**Sangiovese, Primitivo, Negro Amaro, Montepulciano**
28
What role does Sangiovese play in Puglian wines?
Usually a minor role Mostly used for wines **without origin or IGT**
29
What role does **Montepulciano** play in Puglia?
**Very important** **Considered** **traditional** in certain areas mostly in the **North**
30
What are Puglia's flagship grapes?
**Primitivo, Negro Amaro, Nero di Troia**
31
What are Puglia's dominate white grapes?
**Trebbiano Toscano** **Giallo** **Trebbiano Abruzzese**
32
How important are International varieties?
**Only 5% of the market**
33
Who established that Primitivo, Crjenak Kaštelanski and Zinfadel were the same grape?
**Carole Meredith UC Davis 1990s**
34
What is Crjenak Kaštelanski?
It is the Croatian name for **Primitivo** since 15th c AD in **Tribidrag**
35
**Primitivo**
Found in the 18th c AD by a priest in **Gioia del Colle** (south of Bari) who noted it ripened early Prone to coulure in wet vintages **Early budding** - prone to spring frost - **Early Ripening** Puglia yields more bunches smaller, fewer berries than CA High Sugar levels (can reach 16% ABV) Rich in **Amothocyanins** Big Rich wines, Deep Color, Full Body, High Alcohol
36
**Negro Amaro**
**Important in Puglia** Very Dark Color, Bitter Tannins Unknown origin but in Puglia for a long time Reliable, consistent and pleantiful yields Adapts to soils and drought, heat and fungal resistant though susceptible to botrytis **High Sugar levels, Deep Color, Black Fruit**
37
**Nero di Troia** **(Uva di Troia)**
Widely planted in the North-Central Puglia Associated with **Castel del Monte** appellation **Late ripening, Thick skins, Moderate Acidity** **High tannins so often blended** **More refined and less powerful, less body and ABV then Primitivo & Negro Amaro**
38
**Bombino Nero**
Believed to be native, but unknown origin Planted in North-Central Puglia around **Andria in Castel del Monte** Used for **Rosato** wines since it has thin skins, so little pigment **High Acid, Moderate Sugar** **Fresh, Delicate Floral, Red Fruit aromas, Lighter body rosés**
39
**Bombino Bianco**
**Not a mutation of Bombino Nero** No proof they are related Thought to be native to Puglia - widespread in North-Central High Natural Acidity, Restrained Aromas **Ideal for Sparkling Wines**
40
What wine in Puglia is ideal for sparkling wine?
**Bombino Bianco**
41
What is the **traditional** vine training in Puglia?
Ancient, free standing bush vine ***Alberello*** ***Tendone*** (which is higher-yielding, overhead training systemd adopted in 20th c for bulk and table wines) More Cordone and Guyot being implemented
42
What are newer vine training methods?
***Cardone Speranato & Guyot*** introduced in 2000s Become increasingly popular in Central - South Puglia
43
Does Puglia allow irrigation?
**Yes** - dry, hot summers and **soil's inability to hold water** requires **irrigation** (and permitted)
44
What ways does Puglia combat dry, hot summers?
**Irrigation and** **Drought-tolerant rootstock**
45
What wine type is Puglia primarily know?
Rosato Dates back to the **Greeks**
46
What was the 19th C term for Rosato?
***Lagrimas - typically for family consumption***
47
What Salento producer bottled the first commercially bottled ***rosato?***
**Leone de Castris** **Cinque Rose - Negro Amaro**
48
Who transformed **rosato** into a Salento specialty?
**Rosa del Golfo**
49
What is the principal grape used in Salento rosato?
**Negro Amaro**
50
What grape is more commonly used for rosato in Northern Puglia?
**Bombino Nero**
51
What is Puglia's appellation breakdown?
**4 DOCG** **28 DOC** Subdivided into 3 group Northern, Central and Southern
52
What is special about **Aleatico di Puglia DOC**?
Solely devoted to the production of **sweet**, **unfortified** and **liquoroso** **dessert** **wines** Can be ***riserva*** after **3 years** of ageing Must carry on the lable "***dolce naturale or liquoroso dolce naturale"*** Very small production
53
Cacc'e mmitte di Lucera
Historic Red wine appellation - Northern ***These are red and white blends - unusual*** Based on **Nero di Troia** and smaller amounts of other reds eg Montepulciano ***MUST BE 15-30% White Grape Usually Bombino Bianco***
54
San Severo DOC
**Puglia's 1st DOC 1968** **Most productive** wine growing area in Puglia White - Bombino Bianco, Trebbiano Red - Montepulciano
55
What is Castel del Monte
13th c AD fortress from Emperor Frederick II Iconic symbol for wine
56
How many MGAs in Castel del Monte
**33 MGAs**
57
Describe the topography and soils of Castel del Monte
On the Murge plateau Elevations range from 180-450m **Soil are shallow and stony, clay atop limestone bedrock**
58
Castel del Monte DOC
Wide range of wines ***Rosso -*** Nero di Troia, Anglianico, Montepulciano - usually Nero can blend or be 100% varietal ***Rosato -*** Bombino Nero, Nero di Troia & Anglianico as blended or be 100% varietal ***White -*** Bombino Bianco, Chardonnay, Pampanuto
59
Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG
Blends **Nero di Troia** - **Min 65%** with **Montepulciano** or **Aglianico** **Min 2 years ageing including 1 year wood** **Structured, Full Body, Firm Tannins**
60
Castel del Monte **Nero di Troia Riserva** DOCG
Must have **90%+ Nero di Troia** ## Footnote **Minimum 2 years ageing including 1 year in bottle** **Elegance, Refined, Dense Tannins**
61
Castel del Monte **Bombino Nero** DOCG
**1st dedicated DOCG to Rosato** 90%+ Bombino Nero Delicate, Fragrant, Light Body, Bright Acidity
62
Giola del Colle DOC
**Known for Primitivo** **Giola Considered** epicenter for Primitivo 200-450m **elevation higher** than Manduria - **cooler** and **high diurnal** range creates more **elegant** wine **Shallow soils, calcareous**, iron-rich clay, red in color atop of limestone subsoil ***Riserva must have 14% ABV; 2 years aged***
63
Locorotondo DOC
White blend on **Veredeca** and **Bianco d'Alessano**
64
What are I Trulli?
**Small round white homes** with conical rooves found in Puglia Alberobello is condsidered capital of trulli
65
Alberobello is condsidered capital of what?
**I Trulli** - round white homes in Puglia
66
Primitivo di Manduria DOC
***Considered most important appellation for Primitivo varietal*** Competes with Salice Salentino **Predominately flat** Terra Rosa, sand, clay on top of limestone Very old vines using Alberello 85%+ Primitivo, 13.5% ABV *Riserva - 14% ABV - 2 years, includes **9months in wood*** **Rich, Velvet Tannin, Full Body, High ABV**
67
Moscato di Trani DOC
**Tradition for sweet wines made from Moscato Bianco**
68
**Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Natural DOCG**
**Puglia's 1st DOCG 2011** **Was a sub-category in Primitivo di Manduria DOC** **100% Primitivo** **Allowed to overrippen on the vine or appassimento post harvest** 50 g/L or 5% residual sugar Concentrated, Viscous Sweet Wines Dried Fruit, Black Berry, Plum, Aromatic Herbs
69
**Lizzano DOC**
Overlaps with west **Primitivo di Manduria DOC** Red - Negro Amaro White - Trebbiano Toscano
70
Salice Salentino DOC
Puglia's most popular appellation Located in Salento Peninsula ***Most densely planted and productive DOC in Puglia*** Principal production of **Negro Amaro** **Soils**: deep, calcareous, sand, clay, martime **Training**: Alberello, VTS, Guyo and Cordone Spermato **min 75% Negro Amaro sometimes blended with Malvasia Nera di Brindisi** **Riserva aged for 2 years with 6 months in wood** **Softy and fruity to Medium Body to Full Rich, more structured**
71
Copertino DOC
**Borders Salice Salentino** Known for **Sturdy** **Red** Wines based on **Negro Amaro**
72
What are the IGT wines of Puglia?
**Puglia IGT** - all of Puglia **Salento IGT** - covers Salerno Peninsula Both are most popular and associated with **Primitivo and Negro Amaro**
73
What 4 grapes account for more than 50% of grapes under vine in Puglia?
**Sangiovese** **Primitivo** **Negro Amaro** **Montepulciano**
74
What are 2 red grapes that are principally planted in North/Central Puglia?
**Nero di Troia** **Bombino Nero**
75
What grape is associated with producer **Andria** in Castel del Monte?
**Bombino Nero**
76
What ancient Apulian grape is associated with **Valle d'Ittria?**
**Verdeca - a white grape**
77
What is **Rosa del Golfo**?
A Salento Negro Amaro Rostato from producer **Cantine Salento**
78
Where are the Northern Puglian Appellations? What has it historically be called? And what is included?
**Foggia on Tavoliere Plain** **"Daunia"** **Includes Tavoliere Plain, the Gargano; Mt Dauni**
79
What are the main grapes in Puglia's Northern appellations?
**Nero di Troia and Bombino Bianco**
80
For Cacc'e mmitte di Lucera DOC what is the most used grapes?
Must be a blend with 15-30% white Red - **Nero di Trioa** (predominate) White - **Bombino Bianco** (most used)
81
Nothern most Puglia appellation?
**San Severo DOC** **Also the 1st DOC**
82
What producer in **San Severo** introduced sparkling **Bombino Bianco** in the Classic Method
**D'Arapri**
83
Where are all the Central Puglian appellations located?
**On the Murge**
84
What is the most well known wine regoin in Puglia?
**Castel del Monte**
85
What is the breakdown of DOC/G in Castel di Monte?
3 DOCGs 1 DOC
86
How many MGAs in Castel del Monte
**33 MGAs**
87
Are Castel del Monte DOC and the 3 Castel del Monte DOCGs the same size?
NO the difference is the DOC includes a narrow strip of land on the **Ofanto River**
88
Selento Peninsula is sub-divided into 2, what are the regions and what is grown there?
**Manduria = Primitivo** **Brindisi = Negro Amaro**
89
1st DOC for Primitivo?
**Primitivo di Manduria 1974**
90
What are the 2 most productive regions in Puglia?
**Manduria** **Salice Salentino**
91
Where is Negro Amaro most notably associated?
**Salento in Salento IGT in Puglia** **and Salice Salentino DOC**

Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB (49 decks)

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