CARDIAC

Question 1

MOA of class I A (eg. Procainamide), class IB (eg. Lidocaine), and class IC (eg. Flecainide) antiarrhythmics

Answer 1

Sodium channel blockers

Question 2

SE of procainamide

Answer 2

Lupus-like syndrome

Question 3

Limiting side effect of Quinidine

Answer 3

Prolongs QT interval

Question 4

Other side effects of Quinidine

Answer 4

Thrombocytopenic purpura, and CINCHONISM

Question 5

Major drug interaction with Quinidine

Answer 5

Increases concentration of Digoxin

Question 6

DOC for management of acute Ventricular arrhythmias

Answer 6

Lidocaine

Question 7

DOC for digoxin induced arrhythmias

Answer 7

Phenytoin

Question 8

SE of phenytoin

Answer 8

Gingival hyperplasia

Question 9

Class of anti-arrhythmics that has a pro-arrhythmic effect (CAST trial), therefore are used as last line agents

Answer 9

Class IC (flecainide, propafenone, moricizine)

Question 10

Class II antiarrhythmics are

Answer 10

B-blockers

Question 11

Antiarrhythmic that exhibits Class II and III properties

Answer 11

Sotalol

Question 12

Side effect of sotalol

Answer 12

prolongs QT and PR interval

Question 13

Used intravenously for acute arrhythmias during surgery

Answer 13

Esmolol

Question 14

Anti-arrhythmics that decrease mortality

Answer 14

B-blockers

Question 15

MOA of class III antiarrhythmics

Answer 15

Potassium channel blockers

Question 16

Class III antiarrhythmic that exhibits properties of all 4 classes

Answer 16

Amiodarone

Question 17

Specific pharmacokinetic characteristic of amiodarone

Answer 17

Prolonged half-life, up to six weeks

Question 18

Antiarrhythmic effective in most types of arrhythmia

Answer 18

Amiodarone

Question 19

SE of Amiodarone

Answer 19

Thyroid dysfunction, photosensitivity, skin (blue smurf syndrome), corneal deposits, liver damage and pulmonary fibrosis

Question 20

MOA of class IV antiarrhythmics

Answer 20

Calcium channel blockers

Question 21

Life threatening cardiac event that prolong QT leads to

Answer 21

Torsades de pointes

Question 22

Agent to treat torsades de pointes

Answer 22

Magnesium sulfate

Question 23

Drug used supraventricular arrhythmias

Answer 23

Digoxin

Question 24

DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)

Answer 24

Adenosine

Question 25

Adenosine's MOA

Answer 25

Activates acetylcholine sensitive K+ channels in SA and AV node

Question 26

Anti-arrhythmic with <10 second duration of action

Answer 26

Adenosine

Question 27

MOA of sildenafil (Viagra)

Answer 27

Inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, enhancing effects of nitric oxide-activated increases in cGMP

Question 28

Drugs used in the management of angina

Answer 28

Aspirin, Nitrates, CCB, and Beta blockers

Question 29

Aspirin reduces mortality in unstable angina by

Answer 29

Platelet aggregation inhibition

Question 30

MOA of nitrates

Answer 30

Relax vascular smooth muscle, at low doses dilate veins and at high doses dilate arterioles

Question 31

Nitrate used for acute anginal attacks

Answer 31

Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets

Question 32

Nitrate used to prevent further attacks

Answer 32

Oral and transdermal forms of nitroglycerin

Question 33

Nitrate free intervals are needed due to

Answer 33

Tolerance

Question 34

SE of nitrates

Answer 34

Postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia, hot flashes, and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation

Question 35

CCB are DOC for

Answer 35

Prinzmetal's angina

Question 36

Beta blockers are used for which type of anginal attack

Answer 36

Classic

Question 37

MOA of Cardiac glycosides (eg. digoxin)

Answer 37

Indirectly increase intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility by inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase

Question 38

Digoxin is used in

Answer 38

Atrial fibrillation and CHF

Question 39

Digoxin toxicity can be precipitated by

Answer 39

Hypokalemia

Question 40

Antidote for digoxin toxicity

Answer 40

Digibind

Question 41

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors that increase mortality and have been found to have NO beneficial effects

Answer 41

Amrinone and milrinone

Question 42

SE of amrinone

Answer 42

Thrombocytopenia

Question 43

Beta 1 agonists used in acute CHF

Answer 43

Dobutamine and dopamine

Question 44

Diuretics work in CHF by

Answer 44

Reducing preload

Question 45

Beta blockers work in CHF by

Answer 45

Reducing progression of heart failure (never use in acute heart failure)

Question 46

Agent used in CHF that is a selective alpha and nonselective beta blocker

Answer 46

Carvedilol

Question 47

Agent used in acutely decompensated CHF resembling natriuretic peptide

Answer 47

Nesiritide (Natrecor)