Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Flashcards
(256 cards)
3 arteries that branch from aortic arch?
brachiocephalic
left common carotid
left subclavian
4 arteries (2 pairs) that supply blood to the Circle of Willis
left and right common carotids
left and right internal carotids
acute arterial disease?
occlusion, embolitic disease, plaque rupture, thrombosis
2 options to treat acute arterial occlusion
embolectomy
thrombolytic medication (heparin)
six “P’s” that indicate acute arterial occlusion
pain
pallor
pulselessness
paresthesia
paralysis
poikilothermia
chronic arterial disease?
calcium and cholesterol within the wall of an artery
define arteriosclerosis
aging process
hardening/thickening of arteries
too much pressure
define atherosclerosis
pathologic process (type of arteriosclerosis)
buildup of fats, cholesterol, plaque
calcification
athero vs. aterio sclerosis
arterio - aging, high BP, hardening
athero - pathologic, plaque
define atheroma
deposit of plaque in an artery
define aneurysm
local abnormal dilation of a blood vessel
structural weakening of the intima
pseudoaneurysm
false
disruption of all vessel layers
arterial blood collects in perivascular tissue
dissecting aneurysm
tear allowing blood to dissect between vessel layers
fusiform aneurysm
spindle shaped
complete circumferential involvement of artery
saccular aneurysm
sac with a narrow neck on side of artery
define intermittent claudication
muscle cramping during exercise
intermittent claudication indicates?
vascular disease in aortoiliac vessels and distal arteries
lower extremity PAD
not enough O2 distal to obstruction
define rest pain
pain in the foot at rest
no O2
rest pain indicates?
critical ischemia
ulcers
gangrene
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
define stroke/CVA
infarction of brain tissue due to lack of blood
TIA
transient ischemic attack
define transient ischemic attack
temporary localized reduction of blood floow (O2) to brain
less than 24 hrs
causes of TIA
atheromatous debris
thromboembolism from a carotid