Gynecologic Flashcards

1
Q

between which two organs does the uterus lie

A

bladder

rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 paired ligaments supporting uterus

A

broad

round

cardinal

uterosacal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

area of uterus above openings of tubes

A

fundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

body of uterus communicates with cervix at…

A

internal os

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cervix communicating with vagina is…

A

external os

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 layers of uterus

A

outer: serous
middle: myometrium
innter: endometrial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

salpinx

A

tube/trumpet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

purpose of tubes

A

ova from ovaries to uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do tubes move ova

A

peristalsis/ciliary movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

right adnexa close to which 2 GI structures

A

cecum

appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ligament suspends ovaries

A

ovarian ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 layers of ovaries

A

outer cortex

inner medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

layer of ovary containing nerves, blood, and lymph vessels

A

medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

layer of ovary containing follicles in different levels of maturity

A

cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 functions of ovaries

A

make ova

endocrine glands-hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hormones produced by ovaries

A

estrogen: secondary sex characteristics, growth of uterine lining during period
progesterone: implantation of fertilized ovum, development of embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what ligament is fallopian tube in

A

broad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 functions of vagina

A

sexual intercourse

menstrual bleeding

end of birth canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

anterior vaginal wall is near…

A

bladder

urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lower posterior vaginal wall close to…

A

rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

projection of cervix into vagina divides into regions

A

fornices: anterior, posterior, right and left lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

posterior fornix contacts

A

periotneum of cul-de-sac of Douglas pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

external organs of the vulva

A

labia minora, laabia majora, clitoris, vestiblue, bartholin’s glands, vaginal opening, urethral opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what bony structure is the mons pubis situated over

A

anterior symphysis pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what lies within labia majora

A

labia minora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

homolog of penis

A

clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

vestibule openings for what structures

A

vaginal

urethral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

2 paraurethral ducts on either side of urethral meatus

A

Skene’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

glands & ducts on lower end of vagina

A

Bartholin’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

self-retaining vaginal speculum

A

Grave’s speculum/bivalved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

weighted vaginal speculum

A

Auvard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

3 types of uterine dilators

A

Hank

Hegar

Goodell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

2 self-retaining abdominal retractors in GYN

A

O’Sullivan O’Connor

balfour and blade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

why is a simple vulvectomy done and what is removed

A

carcinoma in situ (multicentric)

labia majora, minora, possibly clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

position and incision for simple vulvectomy

A

lithotomy

wide elliptical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

lasers most commonly in GYN

A

CO2

ND:YAG

Argonp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

2 procedures to remove vulvar structures, inguinal nodes, portion of round ligament & saphenous vein and skin from abd. and groin

A

radical vulvectomy

groin lymphadenectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

position for radical vulvectomy/groin lymphadenectomy

A

supine

trendelenburg

low lithotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

prep area for radical vulvectomy/groin lymphadenectomy

A

abdomen

thighs

vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

urethral marker to prevent urethral postop damage in radical vulvectomy/groin lymphadenectomy

A

catheter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

drains in radical vulvectomy/groin lymphadenectomy

A

closed-wound

catheter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

cystocele procedure

A

anterior colporrhaphy

herniated bladder into anterior vaginal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

rectocele procedure

A

posterior colporrhaphy

herniation of rectum into vagina

44
Q

enterocele

A

hernia sac w/ intestine between anterior and posterior vaginal walls

45
Q

instrument on vaginal tissue for A&P repair

A

allis / wide allis

46
Q

vesicovaginal fistula is..

A

between bladder and vagina

47
Q

2 apporaches for vesicovaginal fistula

A

vaginal

abdominal (transperitoneal)

48
Q

rectovaginal fistula

A

rectum and vagina

vaginal approach

49
Q

why is a vesicourethral suspension

A

urinary stress incontinence

50
Q

difference between Marshall Marchetti and Burch procedures

A

Marshall: tack to symphysis pubis

Burch: cooper’s ligament

51
Q

procedure to repair deep laceratinos of cervix from childbirth

A

trachelorrhaphy

52
Q

purpose of uterine sound in D&C

A

depth and direction of uterine cavity

53
Q

procedure to aspirate uterine contents

A

suction curettage

54
Q

why is a Shirodkar done

A

incompetenet cervix

55
Q

suture in Shirodkar procedure

A

mersilene polyester tape around os of cervix

56
Q

after colposcopy and punch biopsy how can conization be done

A

cryo, cautery, cold knife, loop electrosurgical, laser excisional

57
Q

what is inserted vaginally when cesium is done for cancer

A

intracavitary implant and cesium needles

loaded in radiation dept

58
Q

where is needle placed in culdocentesis…why

A

posterior vaginal fornix

intraperioneal bleeding, ectopic pregnancy, tuboovarian abscess

59
Q

how is a Bartholin’s cyst treated

A

marsupiliazation

60
Q

what is marsupialization

A

drain cyst in vagina create new ductal opening

61
Q

endoscopic visualization of uterine cavity and tubal orifices

A

hysteroscopy

62
Q

3 indications for hysteroscopy

A

abnormal bleeding, lost IUD, adhesions, fibroids, polyp

63
Q

3 contraindications for hysteroscopy

A

pelvic infection

cervical malignancy

heavy bleeding

64
Q

3 media used to distend uterus for hysteroscopy

A

hyskon

CO2

D5W

Sorbitol

Mannitol

Saline

65
Q

2 complications of hysteroscopy media

A

hyponatremia

hypertension

66
Q

instruments after hyskon

A

rinse in hot water

67
Q

what does endometrial ablation treat and what is the goal

A

abnormal uterine bleeding

amenorrhea or reduced bleeding

68
Q

2 sources of energy for endometrial ablation through hysteroscope

A

ESU, laser, microwave

69
Q

3 contraindications for vaginal hysterectomy

A

large uterine tumor

pelvic malignancy

overlooked metastatic disease

70
Q

in vag hyst what is done to facilitate dissection and decrease bleeding

A

infiltrate vaginal walls with normal saline or local anesthetic

71
Q

endoscopic visualization of peritoneal cavity w/pneumo

position?

A

laparoscopy

lithotomy

72
Q

if chromotubation is done what is placed in cervix

A

intrauterine cannula

73
Q

liquids in normal saline to check tube patency

A

methylene blue

indigo carmine

74
Q

how is tubal patency checked in laparoscopy

A

inject dye/contrast chromotubation

75
Q

veress needle vs. hassan

A

needle: blind stab
hassan: valve of trocar sleeve make opening

76
Q

what is LAVH, why does the surgeon use a laparoscope

A

lap assisted vag hyst: remove uterus from ligaments and vessel

visualize pelvis to see disease

77
Q

what is removed in panhysterectomy

A

uterus, tubes, ovaries cervix, corpus

78
Q

in TAH what is done with down below instruments

A

separate setup contamination

79
Q

what are fibroids

A

benign tumors from myometrium

80
Q

what is abdominal myomectomy? is uterus preserved?

A

remove single/multiple fibroids

yes

81
Q

name for Wertheim procedure, what is done?

A

radical hysterectomy: uterus, tubes, ovaries, ligaments, upper vagina, lymph nodes

for malignancy

82
Q

pelvic exenteration

A

rectum, sigmoid colon, bladder, distal ureters, internal iliacs, lateral brancehs, pelvic reproductive organs, lymph nodes, pelvic floor, peritoneum, levator muscle, perineum

83
Q

what is created for urinary and bowel diversinos in pelvic exenteration

A

bladder: ileostomy
bowel: colostomy

84
Q

what is oopherectomy and salpingo-oopherectomy

A

remove ovary and tube

85
Q

tuboplasty and approaches

A

reconstruct tubes

open, laparoscopic

86
Q

tubal ligation and 3 ways

A

interrupt tube continuity sterilization

coagulate, clip, silastic band

87
Q

self-retaining retractor for tubal ligation w/minilaparotomy

A

large Graves bivalved speculum

88
Q

2 hazards of performing abdominal surgery on pregnant patient

A

fetal injury: anesthesia

premature labor

89
Q

C-section

A

deliver feteus from abdominal and uterine incisions

90
Q

4 indications for C-section

A

failure to progress, malposition, abruptio placentae, uterine dysfunction

91
Q

abruptio placenta/previa

A

placenta: premature detachment of placenta
previa: attachment low

92
Q

position for C-section and why is right side elevated

A

supine w/ wedge

displace uterus from interior vena cava

93
Q

incision for c-section

A

low transverse pfannensteil

94
Q

why is speed important in c-section with anesthesia

A

fetal hypoxia-low blood pH (metabolic acidosis)

respiratory depression

95
Q

what is used to extend incision in c-section

A

lister bandage scissors

fingers

96
Q

when & why is bulb syringe used

A

after head comes through

suction mouth nose of amniotic fluid

97
Q

why is oxytocin given, when, and how

A

uterine contraction before birth if natural

after birth in c-section (decrease size of uterus)

10-20 units IV or intrauterine

98
Q

instruments used on uterine edge after infant is delivered

A

ring/pean forceps, pennington clamp

99
Q

bartholin gland purpose

A

vaginal lube

100
Q

why is a bimanual exam under anesthesia helpful

A

more relaxed, less painful

101
Q

complication of GYN surgery that leads to loss of renal functino

A

severed ureters

102
Q

schiller’s test

A

stain vagina and cervical squamous epithelium with lugol’s

103
Q

lugol’s turns normal tissue…

A

brown

104
Q

when should lugol’s not be used

A

iodine allergy

105
Q

what layers are scraped in fraction d&C

A

endocervical

endometrial

106
Q

2 positions for culdoscopy

A

lithoromy

knee-chest

107
Q

indications for vaginal hysterectomy

A

uterine prolapse

pelvic relaxation/stress incontinence

myoma

irregular bleeding

premalignant lesion