Orthopedics Flashcards
(113 cards)
describe total knee arthroplasty
replace worn surfaces of knee joint
indications for total knee arthroplasty
rheumatic/traumatic arthritis
varus/valgus deformity (destroy medial/lateral)
pain, instability
position for total knee replacement
supine w/ footrest for flexed leg
2 principle methods of implant fixation for joint arthroplasty
cemented
noncemented
ideal candidate for cemented or uncemented/press fit
noncemented: younger active people. Biofixation
Cemented: old people
what is bone cement
poly methyl methacrylate monomer
IM of cemented arthroplasty prosthesis
adheres to metal/polyethylene but not bone
how is PMMA used to ensure fixation
fills cavity and interstices of bone for mechanical bond
adverse reactions to PMMA
transitory hypotension
cardiac arrest
CVA, PE
hypersensitivity
osteoarthritis
noninflammatory progressive degenerative joint disease-hypertrophic hyaline/subchondral bone
wear and tear after 50
cause of most joint replacements
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disease-system attacks synovium and articular surfaces-inflammation
ages 25-50
osteomalacia
softening of bones due to lack of vitamin D
inadequate mineralization
osteoporosis
excessive loss of calcified matrix-decreased bone mass
metabolic disorder producing porous, brittle, easily fractured bones
continuous passive motion
early postop passive ROM
stimulates healing in articular tissue (tendon, cartilage, ligament)
doesn’t interfere with incisional healing over joint
benefits of CPM
inhibit adhesions
decrease joint stiffness, swelling, pain
early functional ROM
decreased effects of immobilization
osteomyelitis
bone/marrow infection from Staph A.
hard to treat expensive
diarthrotic joint
freely moveable/synovial
skull
amphiarthrotic joint
slightly moveable-connected by cartilage
symphysis pubis, intervetrebral joints
avulsion fracture
ligaments are intact on separated bone fragments
luxation
complete dislocation of one surface to another
subluxation
partial dislocation (ligament instability)
monteggia fracture
proximal ulnar fracture w/ dislocation of radial head
blow to ulna or fall w/ arm hyperextended
not treated with OR in kids
Colles’ fracture
distal radius fracture w/ posterior displacement of distal radial fragment
reduce, close, immobilize
fall on outstretched hand
compound fracture
bone through skin-extensive tissue damage
significant anatomical displacement
ORIF
comminuted fracture
more than 2 pieces