Flashcards in Orthopedics Deck (113)
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1
describe total knee arthroplasty
replace worn surfaces of knee joint
2
indications for total knee arthroplasty
rheumatic/traumatic arthritis
varus/valgus deformity (destroy medial/lateral)
pain, instability
3
position for total knee replacement
supine w/ footrest for flexed leg
4
2 principle methods of implant fixation for joint arthroplasty
cemented
noncemented
5
ideal candidate for cemented or uncemented/press fit
noncemented: younger active people. Biofixation
Cemented: old people
6
what is bone cement
poly methyl methacrylate monomer
IM of cemented arthroplasty prosthesis
adheres to metal/polyethylene but not bone
7
how is PMMA used to ensure fixation
fills cavity and interstices of bone for mechanical bond
8
adverse reactions to PMMA
transitory hypotension
cardiac arrest
CVA, PE
hypersensitivity
9
osteoarthritis
noninflammatory progressive degenerative joint disease-hypertrophic hyaline/subchondral bone
wear and tear after 50
cause of most joint replacements
10
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disease-system attacks synovium and articular surfaces-inflammation
ages 25-50
11
osteomalacia
softening of bones due to lack of vitamin D
inadequate mineralization
12
osteoporosis
excessive loss of calcified matrix-decreased bone mass
metabolic disorder producing porous, brittle, easily fractured bones
13
continuous passive motion
early postop passive ROM
stimulates healing in articular tissue (tendon, cartilage, ligament)
doesn't interfere with incisional healing over joint
14
benefits of CPM
inhibit adhesions
decrease joint stiffness, swelling, pain
early functional ROM
decreased effects of immobilization
15
osteomyelitis
bone/marrow infection from Staph A.
hard to treat expensive
16
diarthrotic joint
freely moveable/synovial
skull
17
amphiarthrotic joint
slightly moveable-connected by cartilage
symphysis pubis, intervetrebral joints
18
avulsion fracture
ligaments are intact on separated bone fragments
19
luxation
complete dislocation of one surface to another
20
subluxation
partial dislocation (ligament instability)
21
monteggia fracture
proximal ulnar fracture w/ dislocation of radial head
blow to ulna or fall w/ arm hyperextended
not treated with OR in kids
22
Colles' fracture
distal radius fracture w/ posterior displacement of distal radial fragment
reduce, close, immobilize
fall on outstretched hand
23
compound fracture
bone through skin-extensive tissue damage
significant anatomical displacement
ORIF
24
comminuted fracture
more than 2 pieces
25
spiral/oblique fracture
bone twisted apart
oblique-shorter than spiral
26
pathologic fracture
due to weakened state-osteoporosis
27
greenstick fracture
bending partially ossiated bone
convex side breaks, concave bends and heals
incomplete fracture
28
stress fracture
incomplete fracture from overuse/high impact sports
small crack
29
5 stages of bone healing
hematoma
fibroblasts network formation
osteoblasts invade
calcium callus
remodeling
30
