cardio 1 Flashcards
(11 cards)
blood pressure controls
- PNS and SNS
sns increases sv and hr which increases CO and Bp
pns does opposite - RAAS
Disney makes renin, renin activates angiotensin 1 (increases tension in arteries) —> ACE converts to angiotensin 2 which causes vasoconstriction and aldosterone to be released. aldosterone increases Na reunion and K loss. which increases water retention so increases BV and BP
orthostatic hypotension what is it and RF and s/s
postural drop. Drop in BP going from sitting to strabnding
old age - takes loner to react (vascular changes so blood vessels react to blood flow change slower), decreased third reflex
eating – eating stimulates PNS so decreased SV and HR and vasodilation
medications - some meds block SNS eg beta blockers
hypovolemia (decrease blood decrease pressure. Mineral defences (Na) and pregnancy (vasodilation)
S/s - dizziness, leightneadedness, confusion, fainting, blurred vision
vasovagal response what is it and s/s and tx
vagus nerve carries PNS nerves which decrease HR and vasodilatation. so when stimulated can cause major vasodilation and drops BP quickly.
s/s - syncope, dizzy either lightheaded or vertigo.
tx - review meds, fluids
hypertension complications
- aneurysm
leaked area in arteries due to pressure, causes area to bulge, can rupture - damage to endothelial lining of arteries
- hypertrophy
grow heart muscle due to having to pump more. means there is a smaller cavity was less blood can be pumped. remodelling to replace squishy tissue - rupture of smaller blood vessels
microbleeds and inflammation which decreases tissue perfusion
s/s - headache, epistaxis, ear rining, dizzy and blurred vision
atherosclerosis
- damage to endothelial lining
- LDL gets into the tissue
- macrophage eat the LDL
- join together to form a foam cell
accumulation of foam cells make a fatty streak
inflammation happens
generates fibrosis cap for fattu streak creating a plaque
calcify the place (harden it)
plaque can rupture creating a blood clot
thrombus and embolus
atherosclerosis RF
fam history
hypertension
obestist
smoking
diabetes
midodrine med
stimulates part of SNS to cause vasoconstriction
fludrocortisone med
acts like aldosterone to increase Na reabsorption in the kidneys ti increase H2O reapsorbtion.
what do blood thinners do
decrease viscosity which decreases TPR so decreases BP
hypertension treatment
low sodium diet and exercise
statin med
lower ldl cholesterol. blocks enzymes in liver that help make Ldl. S.E leg cramps and need to monitor cholesterol levels
