infection Flashcards
(13 cards)
5 stages of infection
incubation - infected but pathogen numbers are low. no symptoms
prodrome - vague symptoms, numbers increasing
illness - clear specific symptoms, war between pathogen and immune system
decline - still sick but feeling better, pathogen number decrases
revolution - you may get rid or control of pathogen
common signs of infection
fatigue, weakness, decrease appetite, localised inflammation, fever (pyrogens increase core temp to kill pathogen and enhance chemical and immune activity)
contact precautions
indirect - touching contaminated surface
direct - STI, chicken pox, diarrhoea
gloves and gown to prevent virus touching skin. may need googles or gloves
droplet precautions
eg flu
only travels around 1M
stay 2 m away
wear goggles and surgical mask
airborne precautions
eg chickenpox
float through the air, wear N95 mask
special - suction with covid, stay in negative pressure room to suck air through filter
complex precautions
combination of precautions eg chickenpox both contact and airborne
bacterial infection Strep A
transmites, acute/chronic and Tx
transmitted - droplet and contact
acute - presents with sore throat, painful swallowing and fever
releases toxins into our respiratory system system, look like our proteins.
chronic - rheumatic fever.
immune system attacks our own cells that look like toxin. attacks brain, joints, heart and skin
Tx - antibiotics and precautions
viral infection influenza a
transmitted, what it does and prevent
transmitted droplet and in/direct contatc
highly mutagenic
infects our upper respiratory tract, lives in a resivoir
when it mutates make new proteins so we cant build immune response
prevent with vaccines and hand wash
fungal infection
opportunistic infection. cant normally infect but gets chance
antibiotics kill all our colonised bacteria gives opportunity so fungus gets out of control. creates thrush
thrush S/S and transmits
white patches in mouth, cotton mouth, loss of taste, pain. transmitted via in/direct contact
how sepsis happens
pathogen gets into blood stream —> entire body inflammatory reaction. –? multiple organ damage. —> massive fluid leak from blood —>hypotension. massive blood clotting
Tx for sepsis
blood test - what pathogen
antibiotics - kill pathogen
lactate - how acidic blood is
iv fluids - fluids for kidneys to filter, increase BV—>BP
oxygen - increase O2 in blood
I and o chart - monitor fluid to improve perfusion or prevent fluid overload
types of disease transmission
contact - direct genital warts. indirect touching contaminated surface. droplet contact - contact with droplet with pathogen eg sneeze.
vertical transmission - mother to foetus
common veichle - non living carrier of pathogen transmits from reservoir to host. water, food and air bourne
vector - pathogen transmitted from one living host to another eg insect
