cardio 3

Question 1

CAD and cause

Answer 1

coronary artery diensease caused by atherosclerosis. narrowing/bloackage of CA —>ischemia

Question 2

what happens when blockage of coronary Artery

Answer 2

myocardial infarction —> myocardial ischemia —> hypoxia and tissue damage –> myocardial necrosis —> cells breakdown —> leakage of cellular components —-> impaired ventricular function —> decreased ejection fraction

Question 3

what happens when narrowing of coronary artery

Answer 3

causes angina which is chest pain when O2 demand is higher than supple. can be stable and unstable. when unstable its unpredictable and can be indicator of potential MI.

Question 4

surronding tissue effects

Answer 4

stunning - temp loss
hibernation - longer loss of muscle cells contractility
remodelling - permanent loss

Question 5

S/S, what to monitor and complications of MI

Answer 5

s/s - pain in chest, neck, shoulders, jaw, back and right arm. fatigue, feeling of anxiety, sweating, pallor, nausea, SOB, dyspnoea
monitor - changes in ECG, HR, heart sounds, blood test increase in HR and BP
complications - arrythmia, angina, reinfraction, heart failure

Question 6

STEMI and NSTEMI

Answer 6

ST elevation MI - ST elevated on ECG means there was a full blockage in coronary artery so transmural infarction
Non ST elevation MI - means no ST Elevation on ECG so there is only Patrica occlusion or perfusion restored before necrosis. so subendocardial infarction

Question 7

management of MI

Answer 7

obs
MONA
morphine, oxygen, nitrate and aspirin
ecg
repercussion therapy
- thrombolysis
percutaneous coronary intervention
angiogram and angiplasty
bypass surgery

Question 8

what causes heart failure and difference between systolic and systolic

Answer 8

cardiac dysfunction
systolic - cant contract properly
diastolic - cant relax properly

Question 9

right sided heart failure and s/s

Answer 9

decrease CO into pulmonary circuit –> systemic venous congestion —< venous HT —> peripheral oedema —> kidney enlarged —> liver failure
s/s - juglar vein distention, oedema, pulmary dysfunction

Question 10

left sided heart failure and s/s

Answer 10

decrease CO into systemic circuit —> pulmonary HT and oedema —> impaired gas exchange
s/s - dypnoea and SOB due to HT, CAD and cardiomyopathy

Question 11

artial fibrillation

Answer 11

atria quivers which causes rapid and irregular HR

Question 12

ventricular tachycardia

Answer 12

abnormal rapid signals in ventricle which causes very high HR and decrease CO and BP

Question 13

ventricular fib

Answer 13

vents quiver not contract
no CO so go into cardiac arrest. can defibrillator

Question 14

asystole

Answer 14

no electrical signals and pumping. no shock only cpr