cardio 2 Flashcards
(6 cards)
what is anemia and s/s
decreased O2 carrying capacity of RBC due to decrease in RBC or hemoglobin synthesis. due to increased loss or destruction of RBC or decreased production of RBC.
s/s - fatigue, cold, pallor, dizziness lightheadedness
iron deficiency anaemia , causes, rf and treatment
decrease in iron levels which decreases HB synthesis so RBC are microcytic and hypochrome
occurs - increased loss and demand. (bleeding GI disorders and growth and pregnancy). decreased intake and absorption (diet and Gi disorders like IBS and coeliac)
RF - heavy period, excessive bleeding and diet
treatment - iron supplementation
side effects nausea and constipation
dissentiated intravascular coagulation DIC cause ad what happens
caused by severe endothelial damage
increase release of tissue factor —> increase procoagulants —> excessive clot formation (micro thrombi throughout vasculature) —> ichemia and tissue damage
—> increase of plasmin which leads to fibrinolysis (clot breakdown
and all coagulation;ation factors are used up. this leads to severe hemorrage and hypovolemic shock.
DVT what is it, causes and what happens to clot
abnormally formed blood clot in deep vein – localised inflammation
causes - blood stasis, endothelial damage and hypercoagulatibly (increase clotting activity)
clot - breaks down on own, organises (infiltrate vessel wall, or dislodges and becomes embolus —> pulmonary embolism
pulmonary embolism, small, big and Tx
embolus gets stuck in pulmonary artery, no blood flow past clot, so decrease gas exchange
small - small number alveoli affected
s/s cough, pain, SOB, cyanosis and increase HR BP
big - major number of alveoli infected
s/s cardiac/respitory failure, shock, chest pain collapse
treatment - aspirin - antiplatelet. decreases platelet binding which prevents clot forming
anticoagulant warfarin - blocks vitamin k which activates clotting factors
platelet disorders
thrombocytopenia - abnormally low platelets due to decreased platelet production or decreases destruction. reduces platelet plug and coagulation —> sever bleeding
Haemophilia –> x linked genetic disorder that results in decreased production of clotting factors —> more bleeding
