white blood cells Flashcards
(20 cards)
how WBC are made lymphoid and myeloid
Lymph - lymphoid stem cell –> lymphoblast—> b cell, T cell and natural killer cell
Myeloid - Myeloid stem cell —> mono blast —> macrophage
—> myeloblast –> progranulocyte —> eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils
whats leukocytosis and what it does
increase in WBC – inflammation and infection
leukopenia and what it does
too few WBC. – massive sepsis risk, caused by immune deficiency and need protective precautions
leukemia risk factors, pathology
risk - Chemo/radiation, hiv/aids, chromosomal mutations, smoking.
Patho - immature blood cells cant stop repilcating. Stuck as blast cells and crowd out other health blood cells
acute lymphoid leukaemia ALL
- fast growing
immature lymphoid cells stay immature
affects mainly children
acute myeloid lymphoma AML
fast growing
immature myeloid cells stay immature
affects mainly adults
chronic lymphoid leukemia CLL
premature lymphoid cells
mature a little but not enoigh to function fully.
slower proliferation than acute
dont die
chronic myeloid lymphoma CML
premature myeloid cells
mature a little but nothing enough to function fully
slower proliferation
can’t stop making new cells - turn protogene on
what causes acute leukaemia
mutation in the precursor blood cells
pathology of acute leukaemia
mutation of blood cells –> lose ability to differentiate (stuck as blast cells and dont function effectively). divide uncontrollably (other cells get crowded out, cause cytopenia)
S/S of acute leukaemia
fatigue, easier bleeding, increase infections, pain in bones. AML - abdominal fullness. ALL - pain in lymph nodes
what causes chronic leukaemia
chromosomal abnormalities
S/S of chronic leukaemia
fatigue, easier bleeding, increase infection, CML - abdominal fullness, CLL - pain in lymph nodes
diagnosis leukemia
blood smear, bone aspiration biopsy, bone marrow biopsy
leukemia treatment
chemo, bone marrow or stem cell transplant
Hodgkins lymphoma and b symptoms
mature b or T cells, nuclei, young adults. predictable and slow growing
fever, night sweats weightloss
Hodgkins lymphoma RF
family history, irradiation, certain toxins and chemicals, certain viral infections
non Hodgkins lymphoma and symptoms and RF
mature b or T cells, unpredictable, rapid growth, in adults. s/s pain in lympnodes, puritis, fatigue, abdominal symptoms. RF - HiV infections, infections with epstien-bair
plasma cell myeloma and who it affects
plasma cells (matured B cells), go back home to the bone, reproduce rapidly as have turned on proto-onocogene and turned off tumor suppressor. mostly in older people. increase osteoblast and decrease osteoclast activity.
myeloma S/S
black pain, fractures, hypercalcemia, bone pain, fatigue and weakness, easier bruising and bleeding
