Cardio Anatomy

Question 1

Where is the vagus nerve located in relation to the phrenic nerve?

Answer 1

Medial

Question 2

What are the valves in the heart?

Answer 2

Tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve and aortic valve

Question 3

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

Answer 3

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 4

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

Answer 4

Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 5

Where is the mitral valve located?

Answer 5

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 6

Where is the aortic valve located?

Answer 6

Between the left ventricle and aorta

Question 7

Where is the tricuspid valve in relation to the coronary grove?

Answer 7

Deep

Question 8

What is the right coronary artery found?

Answer 8

In the coronary groove

Question 9

What does the anterior interventricular groove mark?

Answer 9

The boundary between the two ventricles

Question 10

What does the anterior interventricular groove contain?

Answer 10

The left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery

Question 11

Where does the posterior interventricular artery sit?

Answer 11

In the posterior interventricular groove

Question 12

What are the two main branches of the right coronary artery?

Answer 12

The right marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery

Question 13

Where is the left coronary artery found?

Answer 13

In the left atrioventricular groove

Question 14

What are the four branches of the left coronary artery?

Answer 14

Circumflex, left anterior descending, left marginal and lateral/diagonal branch

Question 15

What are the three openings in the right atrium?

Answer 15

Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava and coronary sinus

Question 16

What is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 16

A depression in the right atrium, a remnant of the foramen ovale

Question 17

What is the crista terminalis?

Answer 17

The boundary between the smooth and rough parts of the right atrium

Question 18

Where is the sinoatrial node found?

Answer 18

Just below the opening for the superior vena cava

Question 19

How are cusps of heart valves connected to the heart?

Answer 19

Via tendinous cords called Chordae Tendinae, which are anchored to papillary muscles

Question 20

Where do you auscultate the aortic area?

Answer 20

Right of the sternum at the 2nd Intercostal space

Question 21

Where do you auscultate the pulmonic area?

Answer 21

Left of the sternum at the 2nd Intercostal space

Question 22

Where do you auscultate the tricuspid area?

Answer 22

Left of the sternum at the 4th Intercostal space

Question 23

Where do you auscultate the mitral area?

Answer 23

Left of the sternum at the 5th Intercostal space, midclavicular line

Question 24

Where do you auscultate for erb’s point?

Answer 24

Left of the sternum at the 3rd Intercostal space

Question 25

What is the clinical significance of erb’s point?

Answer 25

It is the auscultatory area in which heart murmurs can be heart best

Question 26

What is the transverse thoracic plane?

Answer 26

The ‘line’ between the sternal angle and the T4/5 intervertebral disc

Question 27

What is the purpose of the transverse thoracic plane?

Answer 27

It differentiates the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum

Question 28

Where does the vagus nerve pass through?

Answer 28

The diaphragm via the oesophagus

Question 29

Where does the azygous vein drain?

Answer 29

Into the superior vena cava

Question 30

What are the main branches of the ascending aorta?

Answer 30

The left and right coronary arteries

Question 31

What are the main branches from the arch of the aorta?

Answer 31

From left to right, the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery

Question 32

What are the main branches of the descending aorta?

Answer 32

Bilateral posterior intercostal arteries

Question 33

From left to right, what are the branches of the aorta?

Answer 33

Ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta

Question 34

What is the venous angle?

Answer 34

The junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 35

What are the two main groups of mediastinal lymph nodes?

Answer 35

The anterior and posterior nodes

Question 36

Where is the left venous angle located?

Answer 36

At the left sternoclavicular joint

Question 37

Where does the vagus nerve sit in relation to the lung root?

Answer 37

Posteriorly

Question 38

Where does the phrenic nerve sit in relation to the lug root?

Answer 38

Anteriorly

Question 39

Where is the recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus nerve found?

Answer 39

Hooked under the ligament arteriosum

Question 40

From lateral to medial, what are the nerves of the superior mediastinum?

Answer 40

Phrenic, Vagus and Recurrent Laryngeal

Question 41

Where is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve found?

Answer 41

Hooked under the right subclavian artery, and so doesn’t enter the chest

Question 42

Where is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve found?

Answer 42

Hooked under the arch of the aorta, and so doesn’t enter the chest

Question 43

Where is lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung drained?

Answer 43

Into the right lymphatic duct

Question 44

From anterior to posterior, what are the main structures found in the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 44

Brachiocephalic veins & superior vena cava -> Arch of aorta -> Trachea -> Oesophagus -> Thoracic duct