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First Year > Pneumonia (Resp Infection) > Flashcards

Pneumonia (Resp Infection) Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause cause community acquired pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumoniae (rusty red sputum), heamophilus influenza or viral influenza

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2
Q

What can cause atypical community acquired pnemonia?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlaymida psittici, Coxeilla or Legionella

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3
Q

What can cause hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumoniae, Heamophilus Influenzae, Coliforms (e.g. Ecoli)

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4
Q

When might Mycoplasma pneumoniae type pneumonia occur?

A

Comes in waves every four years and most likely to infect children and elderly

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5
Q

When might Chlaymida psittici type pneumonia occur?

A

Seen in individuals who have pet birds, as they are the source of the infection

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6
Q

When might Coxeilla type pneumonia occur?

A

Spread from animals such as sheep / goats, so most commonly seen in farmers. Can cause culture negative endocarditis.

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7
Q

When might Legionella type pneumonia occur?

A

Usually colonises water tanks and is commonly seen in those who have been abroad and been in contact with contaminated water, air con systems or swimming pools.

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8
Q

What is the best antibiotic to use for atypical community acquired pneumonia?

A

Clarithromycin

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9
Q

When might Staph Aureus type pneumonia occur?

A

Can be seeded from SAB or endocarditis. May develop secondary to viral influenza.

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10
Q

When might Klebseilla type pneumonia occur?

A

Caused by aspiration. At risk patients are: alcoholics, elderly, diabetics, neuro-muscular disease.

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11
Q

When might Pneumocystis pneumonia type pneumonia occur?

A

Seen in those who are immunocompromised

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12
Q

When might Pseudomonas type pneumonia occur?

A

Seen in those with CF / bronchiectasis. Treated with ciprofloxacin.

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13
Q

What is the general presentation of Chlaymida psittici type pneumonia?

A

Presents with mucoid sputum

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14
Q

What is the general presentation of Legionella type pneumonia?

A

Commonly presents with dry cough, flu like symptoms, GI upset and hyponatremia

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15
Q

What Urine test results are indicative of Legionella type pneumonia?

A

Antigen Positive

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16
Q

What is the general presentation of Staph Aureus type pneumonia?

A

Presents as bilateral cavitating pneumonia

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17
Q

What is the general presentation of Klebseilla type pneumonia?

A

Presents with red jelly sputum

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18
Q

What is the general presentation of Pneumocystis pneumonia type pneumonia?

A

Presents with dry cough and excertional SOB

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19
Q

What is the treatment for Legionella type pneumonia?

A

Levofoxacin or clarithromycin + rifampicin

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20
Q

What is the treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia type pneumonia?

A

Co-trimoxazole, as either active or prophylactic treatment

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21
Q

What is the treatment for Pseudomonas type pneumonia?

A

Ciprofloxacin

22
Q

What are the general symptoms in pneumonia?

A

Fever, malaise, sweats, rigors and confusion

23
Q

What are the respiratory symptoms in pneumonia?

A

SOB, pleuritic chest pain, productive cough (purulent sputum) and haemoptysis

24
Q

What are the GI symptoms in pneumonia?

A

Upper quadrant abdominal pain

25
Q

What are the signs of pneumonia on examination?

A

Tachypnoea, dull percussion, bronchial breath sounds, crackles, tachycardia, hypotension and fever

26
Q

What is meant by the term BUFALO, in terms of sepsis 6?

A
  • Blood Cultures
  • Urine output
  • Fluids
  • Antibiotics
  • Lactate
  • Oxygen
27
Q

What are the investigations that should be done to confirm a diagnosis of pnemonia?

A

Sepsis 6, Bloods (FBC, U/E, LFT, CRP, +/- cultures and ABG), Sputum (culture and sensitivity), Urine (urinalysis, legionella antigen) and CXR

28
Q

What CXR results would be indicative of pneumonia?

A

Consolidation and effusion

29
Q

What is the CURB 65 score?

A

Measures the severity of community acquired pneumonia

30
Q

What level of confusion scores you a CURB 65 point?

A

Less than 8

31
Q

What level of urea scores you a CURB 65 point?

A

Greater than 7

32
Q

What respiratory rate scores you a CURB 65 point?

A

Greater than 30

33
Q

What systolic blood pressure scores you a CURB 65 point?

A

Less than 90

34
Q

What diastolic blood pressure scores you a CURB 65 point?

A

Less than 60

35
Q

What age scores you a CURB 65 point?

A

Greater than 65

36
Q

What CURB 65 score indicates mild pneumonia?

A

0-1

37
Q

What CURB 65 score indicates moderate pneumonia?

A

2

38
Q

What CURB 65 score indicates severe pneumonia?

A

3

39
Q

What is the first line management of mild/moderate community acquired pneumonia?

A

1g Amoxicillin TDS for 5 days

40
Q

What is the second line/penicillin allergy management of mild/moderate community acquired pneumonia?

A

Doxycycline, 200mg first day and then 100mg daily for 4 days (NBM: IV Clarithromycin)

41
Q

What is the first line management of severe community acquired pneumonia?

A

1.2g Co-Amox IV + 100mg doxycycline BD for 7 days

42
Q

What is the second line/penicillin allergy management of severe community acquired pneumonia?

A

Levofloxacin 500mg BD + 100mg doxycycline BD for 7 days

43
Q

What is the first line management of severe community acquired pneumonia in ITU?

A

1.2g Co-amox IV + IV clarithromycin 500mg BD

44
Q

What is the second line/penicillin allergy management of severe community acquired pneumonia in ITU?

A

Levofloxacin 500mg BD + Clarithromycin 500mg BD.

45
Q

What is the definition of hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Any pneumonia that develops 48 hours or more after admission to hospital

46
Q

What is the first line management of severe hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

IV amoxicillin (1g TDS), Metronidazole (500mg TDS) and Gentamicin for 7 days

47
Q

What is the second line/penicillin allergy management of severe hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

IV Co- Trimoxazole (960mg BD), Metronidazole (500mg BD) and Gentamicin

48
Q

What is the first line management of severe step down hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Co-trimoxazole + metronidazole

49
Q

What is the first line management of non severe hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Oral Amoxicillin (1g TDS) and Metronidazole (500mg BD)

50
Q

What is the second line/penicillin allergy management of non severe hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Co-trimoxazole (960 BD) and Metronidazole (500mg BD)

First Year (71 decks)

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