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Clinical Morphology > Cardiopulmonary Embryology > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Embryology Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

the embryonic heart forms from

A

mesoderm

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2
Q

when does the embryonic heart tube form

A

third week

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3
Q

truncus arteriosus becomes

A

proximal aorta, pulmonary trunk

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4
Q

bulbus cordis becomes

A

conus arteriosus (RV), aortic vestibule (LV), trabeculated right ventricle

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5
Q

primitive ventricle becomes

A

trabeculated left ventricle

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6
Q

primitive atrium becomes

A

trabeculated right and left atria

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7
Q

sinus venosus becomes

A

smooth right atrium, coronary sinus

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8
Q

how does the ventricular region of the heart tube move during looping?

A

ventrally, caudally, and to the right

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9
Q

how does the atrial region of the heart tube move during looping?

A

dorsally, cranially, and to the left

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10
Q

when is the basic circulatory plan set up

A

3.5 weeks

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11
Q

vitelline veins

A

carry blood from yolk sac

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12
Q

umbilical veins

A

carry blood from placenta

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13
Q

cardinal veins

A

carry blood from embryo

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14
Q

how are great vessels formed?

A

from degeneration of aortic arches

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15
Q

truncus arteriosus

A

primitive outflow tract, becomes aorta and pulmonary trunk

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16
Q

when does septation occur

A

between 27-37 days

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17
Q

sinus venarum is formed from

A

parts of sinus venosus

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18
Q

smooth left atrium is formed from

A

proximal parts of pulmonary veins

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19
Q

when does the septum primum appear

A

end of the 4th week

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20
Q

atrial septal defect

A

occurs if foramen ovale is too large or if septum secundum doesn’t grow enough

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21
Q

septation of atrioventricular canal

A

proliferating endocardial cells on dorsal and ventral walls grow towards each other and then fuse and form a canal

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22
Q

most common congenital cardiac defect

Study These Flashcards
A

membranous ventricular septal defect

23
Q

when does septation of outflow tract occur

24
Q

conotruncal ridges are formed from

Study These Flashcards
A

proliferating endocardial cells

25
components of membranous ventricular septum
inferior conotruncal ridges, endocardial cushions, muscular ventricular septum
26
why does spiriling occur in septation of outflow tract
so that the aorta is connected with the LV and pulmonary trunk is connect with RV
27
defects in forming of aorticopulmonary septum
persistent truncus arteriosus, transposition of great vessels, tetralogy of Fallot
28
persistent truncus arteriosus
no aorticopulmonary septum forms
29
transposition of great vessels
the aorticopulmonary septum doesn't spiral
30
tetralogy of Fallot
aorticopulmonary septum forms asymmetrically
31
3 shunts in fetal circulation
ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus
32
ductus venosus
shunts blood from umbilical vein to IVC, bypassing liver
33
foramen ovale
shunts blood from RA to LA
34
ductus arteriosus
shunts blood from pulmonary trunk to descending aorta, bypassing lungs
35
when does ductus arteriosus close fully
within 24 hours of birth
36
what keeps ductus arteriosus open in utero?
Prostaglanding E2 from placenta
37
what closes ductus arteriosus at birth?
bradykinin
38
ductus venosus becomes
ligamentun venosum
39
foramen ovale becomes
fossa ovale
40
ductus arteriosus becomes
ligamentum arteriosum
41
embryonic stage of lung development time
3-6 weeks
42
embryonic stage of lung development
lung bud from foregut branches to form tertiary bronchi
43
errors in embryonic stage of lung development
can lead to tracheoesophageal fistula
44
pseudoglandular stage lung development time
6-16 weeks
45
pseudoglandular stage lung development
bronchi branch to form terminal bronchioles; respiration impossible
46
saccular stage lung development
alveolar ducts divide into primitive alveoli with type I and II pneumocytes, surfactant is made
47
canalicular stage lung development time
16-26 weeks
48
canalicular stage lung development
terminal bronchioles divide into respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts and capillaries cover them
49
saccular stage lung develpoment time
26-36 weeks
50
alveolar stage lung development time
36 weeks - 8 years
51
alveolar lung development
alveoli increase and mature
52
what components of lung development are endodermal
epithelium of trachea, bronchi, larynx, lungs
53
esophageal atresia
esophagus is blind ended tube
54
RDS occurs in babies born before
28th week of pregnancy

Clinical Morphology (18 decks)

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