Cranial Cavity and Contents

Question 1

2 layers of dura mater

Answer 1

periosteal, meningeal

Question 2

which meningeal layer lies directly against the bones of the skull and vertebral column

Answer 2

dura mater

Question 3

is the dura highly innervated

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

dura mater blood supply

Answer 4

branches of meningeal arteries

Question 5

venous structures are lined with what tissue

Answer 5

endothelium

Question 6

venous sinuses are formed by

Answer 6

the separation of the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater

Question 7

dural venous sinuses function

Answer 7

drain blood from brain

Question 8

dural venous sinuses drain blood into

Answer 8

internal jugular veins

Question 9

dural venous sinuses location

Answer 9

contained within reflections of the dura that separate brain regions and lobes

Question 10

3 cranial fossae

Answer 10

anterior, middle, posterior

Question 11

most shallow and superior cranial fossa

Answer 11

anterior

Question 12

primary foramen of anterior fossa

Answer 12

cribriform plate

Question 13

which fossa forms roof of orbits

Answer 13

anterior

Question 14

cribriform plate function

Answer 14

supports the olfactory bulbs

Question 15

location of anterior cranial fossa

Answer 15

superior to nasal cavities

Question 16

anterior cranial fossa function

Answer 16

supports frontal lobes

Question 17

middle cranial fossa location

Answer 17

centrally in floor of cranial cavity

Question 18

middle cranial fossa function

Answer 18

accommodates the temporal lobes and pituitary gland

Question 19

foramina of middle cranial fossa

Answer 19

carotid canal, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum

Question 20

deepest cranial fossa

Answer 20

posterior

Question 21

posterior cranial fossa function

Answer 21

accommodates brainstem and cerebellum

Question 22

foramina of posterior cranial fossa

Answer 22

hypoglossal canal, foramen magnum, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen

Question 23

contents of foramina in cribriform plate

Answer 23

olfactory nerves

Question 24

contents of superior orbital fissure

Answer 24

oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmic nerve, abducens nerve

Question 25

contents of optic canal

Answer 25

optic nerve, ophthalmic artery

Question 26

contents of foramen rotundum

Answer 26

maxillary nerve

Question 27

contents of the carotid canal

Answer 27

internal carotid artery, internal carotid nervous plexus

Question 28

contents of foreman ovale

Answer 28

mandibular nerve

Question 29

contents of foramen spinosum

Answer 29

middle meningeal artery

Question 30

contents of internal acoustic meatus

Answer 30

facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 31

contents of jugular foramen

Answer 31

sigmoid sinus, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, spinal accessory nerve

Question 32

contents of hypoglossal canal

Answer 32

hypoglossal nerve

Question 33

contents of foramen magnum

Answer 33

vertebral arteries, accessory nerves, anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Question 34

contents of falx cerebri

Answer 34

superior and inferior saggital sinuses and the straight sinus

Question 35

contents of tentorium cerebelli

Answer 35

transverse sinuses

Question 36

diaphragm sellae function

Answer 36

covers sella turcica and pituitary gland

Question 37

contents of diaphragm sellae

Answer 37

cavernous sinus

Question 38

function of arachnoid granulations

Answer 38

projections of the arachnoid that extend into dural sinuses and empty CSF into venous system

Question 39

function of bridging veins

Answer 39

drain the brain, pass through subarachnoid space and dura and empty into dural venous sinuses

Question 40

epidural hemorrhage etiology

Answer 40

large force causing temporal bone fracture that tears the middle meningeal artery

Question 41

epidural hemorrhage etiology difference in children

Answer 41

artery may rupture without skull fracture

Question 42

epidural hemorrhage progression

Answer 42

brief loss of consciousness followed by lucid interval of a few minutes to hours, then headache with progressive alteration of consciousness with focal deficits

Question 43

epidural hemorrhage CT findings

Answer 43

convex, lens-shaped hyperdensity that may cross the midline

Question 44

subdural hemorrhage etiology

Answer 44

rupture of bridging veins where they pierce the dura due to displacement of brain

Question 45

subdural hemorrhage risk factors

Answer 45

old age, alcoholism

Question 46

subdural hemorrhage presentation

Answer 46

headache, AMS

Question 47

subdural hemorrhage CT findings

Answer 47

crescent-shaped concave hyperdensity that follows contours of brain and does not cross the midline

Question 48

subarachnoid hemorrhage etiology

Answer 48

bleeding into the subarachnoid space caused by anuerysm, AVM, or TBI

Question 49

subarachnoid hemorrhage pathophysiology

Answer 49

blood in subarachnoid space irritates meninges, increases ICP, damages brain cells

Question 50

subarachnoid hemorrhage presentation

Answer 50

thunderclap headache, n/v, neck/back pain, dizziness, seizures

Question 51

subarachnoid hemorrhage spinal tap findings

Answer 51

blood in CSF

Question 52

general blood supply to brain and spinal cord

Answer 52

branches of internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Question 53

circle of willis

Answer 53

anastomotic complex of branches of IC and VA that supplies the cerebrum

Question 54

3 cerebral arteries that come off of circle of willis

Answer 54

anterior, middle, posterior

Question 55

anterior cerebral arteries supply

Answer 55

anteromedial cerebrum

Question 56

middle cerebral arteries supply

Answer 56

most of lateral brain

Question 57

posterior cerebral arteries supply

Answer 57

medial and lateral posterior cerebrum

Question 58

brainstem and spinal cord primarily supplied by branches of

Answer 58

vertebral artery and branches of aorta

Question 59

location of lacrimal bone

Answer 59

medial anterior floor of each orbit

Question 60

what is the pterion

Answer 60

junction of frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal bones

Question 61

what is the coronal suture

Answer 61

connects frontal bone to parietal bones

Question 62

what is the lambdoid suture

Answer 62

connects occipital bone to parietal bones

Question 63

what is the sagittal suture

Answer 63

connects adjacent parietal bones